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Kinesiology > Elbow > Flashcards

Elbow Flashcards

1
Q

Humeroulnar Close Packed

A

Elbow: full extension
Forearm: supinated

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2
Q

Humeroulnar Resting

A

Elbow: 70 deg flexion
Forearm: 10 deg supination

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3
Q

Humeroulnar and Radiohumeral Capsular Pattern

A

Flexion more limited than extension

Rotations full range and painless

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4
Q

Radiohumeral Close Packed

A

Elbow: 90 deg flexion
Forearm: 5 deg supination

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5
Q

Radiohumeral Resting

A

Elbow: 70 deg flexion
Forearm: 10 deg supination

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6
Q

Proximal R/U Close Packed

A

Elbow: N/A
Forearm: 5 deg supination

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7
Q

Proximal R/U Resting

A

Elbow: 70 deg flexion
Forearm: 35 deg supination

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8
Q

Superior R/U Capsular Pattern

A

Equal limitation of pronation and supination

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9
Q

Normal ROM for Flex/Ext, Pro/Sup:

A

● Flexion/Extension- 10-0-150
● Pronation- 0-75
● Supination- 0-85

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10
Q

What percentage of the axial load goes through each articulation at the elbow?

A

Radiohumeral- 60%

Humeroulnar- 40%

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11
Q

What structure helps transmit this load from radius to ulna in UE weightbearing?

A

Interosseus membrane

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12
Q

When pulling a door open, what structure helps transmit force from radius to ulnar prior to reaching elbow joint?

A

Oblique cord

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13
Q

Where does the axis for flexion/extension lie at the elbow? How does this affect motion at the joint?

A

Bisects the trochlea (obliquely). The motion does not take place in a strictly sagittal direction (some rotation and add/abduction accompany flexion/extension).

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14
Q

Where does the axis for pronation/supination lie? How does this affect motion at the joint?

A

Through the heads of each bone (not along the longitudinal axis of radius). Open chain motion: radius will roll on ulna. Closed chain motion: ulna will rotate around radius.

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15
Q

Normal Limitations to Extension at Elbow

A

● restriction by olecranon against fossa

● occasionally anterior capsule tension

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16
Q

Abnormal Limitations to Extension at Elbow

A

● short brachialis

● passive insufficiency of biceps

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17
Q

Normal Limitations to Flexion at Elbow

A

● mass of biceps
● posterior capsule tension
● impaction of bony surfaces (radial head or coronoid in fossa)

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18
Q

Abnormal Limitations to Flexion at Elbow

A

● passive insufficiency of triceps

19
Q

Normal Limitations to Pronation at Elbow

A

● bony (shaft of ulna contacting radius)
● tension in posterior R/U ligament
● possibly posterior MCL

20
Q

Abnormal Limitations to Pronation at Elbow

A

● passive insufficiency of supinators

● shoulder/elbow position will not affect range if supinator is tight, but will affect it if biceps is tight

21
Q

Normal Limitations to Supination at Elbow

A

● oblique cord
● anterior ligament of inferior R/U joint
● interosseus membrane

22
Q

Abnormal Limitations to Supination at Elbow

A

● passive insufficiency of pronators

● elbow position will not affect range if pronator quadratus is tight

23
Q

What force(s)/motions does MCL resist?

A

resists valgus forces overall

24
Q

What force(s)/motions does LCL resist?

A

resists varus forces overall

25
Q

What force(s)/motions does Annular ligament resist?

A

prevents radial head from dislocating. Resists distraction of the RH joint.

26
Q

What force(s)/motions does Interosseous membrane resist?

A

prevents proximal displacement of radius on ulna

27
Q

Proximal Radioulnar Joint: Open chain pronation…OK? AK? (roll + slide)

A

OK: Roll ant.
AK: Glide post.

28
Q

Proximal Radioulnar Joint: Open chain supination….OK? AK?

A

OK: Roll post.
AK: Glide ant.

29
Q

Proximal Radioulnar Joint: Closed chain pronation…OK? AK? (roll + slide)

A

OK: Roll ant.
AK: Glide ant.

30
Q

Proximal Radioulnar Joint: Closed chain supination…OK? AK? (roll + slide)

A

OK: Roll post.
AK: Glide post.

31
Q

Which muscles produce Flexion?

A

Biceps (active with flexion and supination)
Brachialis (largest/strongest flexor)
Brachioradialis (longest flexor)

32
Q

Which is greater? Flexion torque or extension torque? Flexion force or extension force?

A

Flexion torque is 70% greater

Flexion force is 25% greater in supination (blame biceps)

33
Q

Which muscles produce Extension?

A

Triceps

Anconeus

34
Q

Which muscles produce Pronation?

A

Pronator teres

Pronator quadratus

35
Q

Which muscles produce Supination?

A

Supinator (recruited first)
Biceps
Brachioradialis (supinates to neutral)

36
Q

Anconeus

A

PA: post side of lateral epicondyle of humerus
DA: between olecranon process and proximal surface of post side of ulna
Action: elbow extension; longitudinal and M-L stability along humeroulnar joint

37
Q

Biceps Brachii

A

PA: Long Head: supraglenoid tubercle of scapula
Short Head: apex of coracoid process of scapula
DA: bicipital tuberosity of radius
Action: shoulder flexion, elbow flexion, forearm supination

38
Q

Brachialis

A

PA: distal anterior surface of humerus
DA: coronoid process and tuberosity on proximal ulna
Action: elbow flexion

39
Q

Brachioradialis

A

PA: upper ⅔ lateral supracondylar ridge of humerus
DA: near styloid process at distal radius
Action: elbow flexion, rotation of forearm (depending on position in reference to neutral forearm)

40
Q

Pronator Quadratus

A

PA: anterior surface of distal ulna
DA: anterior surface of distal radius
Action: forearm pronation

41
Q

Pronator Teres

A

PA: Humeral head: medial epicondyle
Ulnar head: medial to tuberosity of ulna
DA: lateral surface of middle radius
Action: forearm pronation, elbow flexion

42
Q

Supinator

A

PA: lateral epicondyle of humerus, radial collateral ligament, annular ligament, superior crest of ulna
DA: lateral surface of proximal radius
Action: forearm supination

43
Q

Triceps Brachii

A

PA: Long Head: infraglenoid tubercle of scapula
Lateral Head: post humerus, superior and lateral to radial groove
Medial Head: post humerus, inferior and medial to radial groove
DA: olecranon of ulna
Action:
● Long Head: shoulder extension, shoulder adduction, elbow extension
● Lateral Head: elbow extension
● Medial Head: elbow extension (also drawing elbow capsule taut during extension)

Kinesiology (5 decks)

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