Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Anatomy II > Elbow > Flashcards

Elbow Flashcards

1
Q

The elbow is a ____ joint

A

hinge joint

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

physis=

A

growth plate/ epiphyseal line

where bones grow longitudinally and width

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

metaphysis=

A

beyond or next to growth plate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

epiphysis=

A

on top of growth plate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

diaphysis=

A

between growth plate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

apophysis=

A

projecting from growth plate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

periosteum=

A

around the bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

endosteum=

A

inside the bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the source of bone growth, elongation, and width?

A

the physis/ growth plate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What can cause shortening or distortion of the bone?

A

damage to the physis/ growth plate during growth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are the 3 Bs that bend the elbow?

A

brachioradialis
brachialis
biceps brachii

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What branches off of the median cubital vein?

A

basilic vein

cephalic vein

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What structure restrains the radial head allowing axial rotation of the radius?

A

the annular ligament of the proximal radius

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Why doesn’t nursemaid’s elbow occur with supination?

A

because there is a steep, sharp lip of the radial head anteriorly and in supination the annular ligament cannot slip proximally between the radial head and the Capitulum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Why does nursemaid’s elbow occur with pronation?

A

in pronation, the rotation of the radial head brings the shallow posterior lip of the radial head anteriorly- allowing the annular ligament to slip between the radial head and the capitulum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is nursemaid’s elbow?

A

subluxation of the radial head when the arm is pulled in pronation (axial traction in pronation)
pulled elbow
occurs in children ages 6 months- 4 years (peak 2-3 years)

17
Q

What is the mechanism of injury in nursemaid’s elbow?

A

sudden pull on the pronated forearm of the child results in incomplete dislocation of the head of the radius
part of the annular ligament becomes trapped between the radial head and the capitulum

18
Q

How does the annular ligament of the proximal radius differ in adults than in children?

A

the annular ligament is funnel-shaped in adults, but its sides are vertical in children

19
Q

How is nursemaid’s elbow reduced?

A

firm supination of the elbow to return the radial head back into place

supination +/- flexion, success 80-92%, may be more painful for patient
or
hyperpronation, success 91-97%, perceived as less painful

xrays are often negative
+/- sling for a few days
recurrence 26-39%

20
Q

What is the fat pad sign?

A

bleeding into the joint space elevates the fat pad

21
Q

What are the ossification centers around the elbow joint?

A 
CRITOE
Capitellum (2 years) 
Radial head (4 years) 
internal/medial epicondyle (6 years)
trochiea (8 years) 
olecranon (10 years) 
external/lateral epicondyle (12 years)
22
Q

What are the 4 main fracture sites of the humerus?

A

surgical neck
mid shaft
supracondylar
medial epicondyle

23
Q

What nerve runs with the brachial artery?

A

median nerve

runs above the brachialis muscle

24
Q

What muscles descend with the radial nerve?

A

brachialis and brachioradialis

25
Q

What nerve runs through the cubital tunnel?

A

ulnar nerve

26
Q

Where are supracondylar fractures often seen?

A

pediatric, 4-10, on outstretched arm

27
Q

What other structures could be involved in a medially displaced supracondylar fracture?

A

median nerve and or brachial artery damage

28
Q

What other structures could be involved in a laterally displaced supracondylar fracture?

A

radial nerve

29
Q

Why could the nerves be injured in a supracondylar fracture?

A

bc swelling is immense in these fractures so there is a significant possibility of nerve compression and injury

30
Q

Where can the ulnar nerve become entrapped?

A

cubital tunnel (small space for the nerve to travel through)
causes numbness and tingling
proximal nerve findings

31
Q

What is little leaguer’s elbow?

A

avulsion or apophysis of the ossification center of the medial epicondyle secondary to tension on the forearm flexor muscles

32
Q

What is little leaguer’s elbow?

A

avulsion or apophysis of the ossification center of the medial epicondyle secondary to tension on the forearm flexor muscles

33
Q

What is golfer’s elbow?

A

medial epicondylitis

secondary to overload of flexor pronator group

34
Q

What is “tennis elbow”?

A

lateral epicondylitis

35
Q

What group of tendons is affected in tennis elbow?

A

degeneration and partial tears of the extensor group of tendons

36
Q

What may be present in tennis elbow?

A

partial avulsion of radial collateral ligament may be present

37
Q

What might you see on imaging of tennis elbow?

A

increased signal represents edema and inflammation laterally

Anatomy II (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions