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AWS Certified Solutions Architect - Associate > Elastic Block Storage (EBS) > Flashcards

Elastic Block Storage (EBS) Flashcards

1
Q

At its most basic, explain what EBS service is.

A

It provisions storage volumes you can attach to EC2 instances, but only within the same AZ as the instance.

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2
Q

At its most basic, explain what EFS is.

A

Amazon Elastic File System, a managed NFS (network file system) that can be mounted on many EC2 instances in multiple AZs.

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3
Q

Can you attach an EBS volume to an EC2 instance in another AZ or region?

A

No, your EBS volumes will always be located in the same AZ as the EC2 instance to which it is attached.

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4
Q

Does EBS encryption have impact on latency?

A

No, there is minimal impact on latency.

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5
Q

Explain how highly available the EFS service is.

A

Data is stored across multiple AZs within a region.

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6
Q

For a scenario that is talking about processing massive amounts of datasets with hundreds of gigabytes per second of throughput, or you need millions of IOPS and sub-second latencies, what AWS storage service would you recommend?

A

Amazon FSx for Lustre

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7
Q

How do you copy an EBS volume to another region?

A

Take a snapshot of the volume and then copy the snapshot to another region.

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8
Q

How do you pay for EFS?

A

You pay for the storage you use (no pre-provisioning required).

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9
Q

How is FSx for Windows different from EFS?

A

FSx for Windows is a managed Windows server that runs Windows Server Block Message (SMB-based) file services and it supports AD users, access control lists, groups and security policies along with Distributed File System (DFS) namespaces and replication.

EFS is a managed NAS file system for EC2 instances based on Network File System (NFS) version 4, which is one of the first network file sharing protocols native to Unix and Linux.

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10
Q

How long can an EC2 instance be hibernated?

A

Up to 60 days

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11
Q

If you have an application that requires highly scalable secure storage using NFS, what AWS service would you recommend?

A

EFS (Elastic File System)

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12
Q

In a scenario where you are migrating Sharepoint and you need shared storage, what AWS service would you recommend?

A

FSx for Windows

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13
Q

Must you stop an EC2 instance before changing the type of an EBS volume that is attached?

A

No, you can change volume types on the fly.

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14
Q

Must you stop an EC2 instance before resizing the EBS volume?

A

No, they can be resized on the fly.

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15
Q

Name the characteristics of an EBS Snapshot.

A
  1. Point in time
  2. Incremental (only the data that has changed since the last snapshot are stored)
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16
Q

Name the four types of EBS volumes.

A
  1. General Purpose SSD (up to 16,000 IOPS per volume)
  2. Provisioned IOPS SSD (for OTLP and latency sensitive applications, up to 64,000 IOPS per volume)
  3. Throughput Optimized HDD (big data, data warehouse, ETL)
  4. Cold HDD (less frequently accessed data)
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17
Q

Name the instance families that allows EC2 hibernation.

A
  1. C3, C4 and C5
  2. M2, M4 and M5
  3. R3, R4 and R5
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18
Q

Name the two types of EBS volumes that cannot be used as boot volumes.

A
  1. Throughput Optimized HDD (st1)
  2. Cold HDD (sc1)
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19
Q

Name the types of Cold HDD EBS volumes.

A
  1. sc1
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20
Q

Name the types of General Purpose SSD EBS volumes.

A
  1. gp2
  2. gp3 (four times faster than gp2)
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21
Q

Name the types of Provisioned IOPS SSD EBS volumes.

A
  1. io1
  2. io2 (latest generation)
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22
Q

Name the types of Throughput Optimized HDD EBS volumes.

A
  1. st1
23
Q

Name the use cases in which EFS would be recommended.

A
  1. Content management (to easily share content between EC2 instances)
  2. Web servers (where you have a single folder structure for your website)
24
Q

What are Cold HDD EBS volumes generally used for?

A

They are a good choice for cold data requiring fewer scans per day (e.g. file server, for lowest cost where performance is not a factor), but cannot be a boot volume.

25
Q

What are EBS volumes?

A

Storage volumes you can attach to EC2 instances that exist in EBS.

26
Q

What are General Purpose SSD EBS volumes generally used for?

A

They are good for boot volumes or development or test applications that are not latency sensitive, up to 16,000 IOPS, and are the default volume you are provisioned in EBS.

27
Q

What are Provisioned IOPS SSD EBS volumes generally used for?

A

It is the high performance, latency-sensitive option and the most expensive (if you need more than 16,000 IOPS). It is suitable for performance databases (OLTP).

28
Q

What are the four steps to encrypt and decrypt EBS volumes?

A
  1. Create a snapshot of the unencrypted root device volume
  2. Create a copy of the snapshot and select the encrypt option
  3. Create an AMI from the encrypted snapshot
  4. Use the AMI to create a new instance
29
Q

What are Throughput Optimized HDD EBS volumes generally used for?

A

They are designed for frequently accessed, throughput intensive workloads, such as big data, data warehouses, ETL and log processing, but cannot be a boot volume.

30
Q

What distributed storage service in AWS can store data in S3?

A

Amazon FSx for Lustre

31
Q

What happens when you encrypt your EBS volume?

A
  1. The data at rest is encrypted inside the volume
  2. All data in flight moving between the instance in the volume is encrypted
  3. All snapshots are encrypted
  4. All volumes created from the snapshot are encrypted
32
Q

What is an EBS snapshot?

A

It is a photograph of the virtual disk/volume that exists in S3.

33
Q

What is EC2 hibernation?

A

It preserves the in-memory RAM on persistent storage (EBS).

34
Q

What is the benefit of EC2 hibernation?

A

It is much faster to boot up after hibernation because you do not need to reload the operating system.

35
Q

What is the maximum amount of RAM that is allowed for EC2 hibernation to work?

A

150 GB

36
Q

What operating systems can handle EC2 hibernation?

A
  1. Windows
  2. Amazon Linux 2 AMI
  3. Ubuntu
37
Q

What protocol does EFS support?

A

It supports the Network File System version 4 (NFSv4) protocol.

38
Q

What type of data consistency is expected with EFS?

A

Read-after-write consistency

39
Q

What type of EBS volumes should you use for big data applications?

A

Throughput Optimized HDD

40
Q

What type of EBS volumes should you use for transactional (OLTP) applications?

A

General Purpose SSD or Provisioned IOPS SSD

41
Q

What types of EC2 instances allow for EC2 hibernation?

A
  1. On Demand
  2. Reserved
42
Q

When would you choose Provisioned IOPS SSD EBS volumes over General Purpose SSD EBS volumes?

A

If you need more than 16,000 IOPS

43
Q

When you need centralized storage for Windows-based applications such as Sharepoint, Microsoft SQL Server, Workspaces, IIS Web Server or any other native Microsoft application, what AWS service would you recommend?

A

Amazon FSx for Windows

44
Q

When you need distributed, highly resilient storage for Linux instances and Linux-based applications, what AWS service would you recommend?

A

EFS (Elastic File System)

45
Q

When you need high-speed, high-capacity distributed storage (for applications that do high performance computing (HPC), financial modeling, etc., what AWS service would you recommend?

A

Amazon FSx for Lustre

46
Q

Where do EBS snapshots get stored?

A

S3

47
Q

How does scaling work in EFS?

A

It scales in petabytes (no pre-provisioning required) and can support thousands of NFS connections at once.

48
Q

What is an AMI?

A

An Amazon Machine Image which provides information required to launch an EC2 image. It is a blueprint for an EC2 instance.

49
Q

What are the five things you can base your AMI on?

A
  1. Region
  2. Operating system
  3. Architecture (32-bit or 64-bit)
  4. Launch permissions
  5. Storage for the root device (root device volume)
50
Q

What are the two volume types that AMIs are backed by?

A
  1. Amazon EBS (the root device for an instance launched from the AMI is an EBS volume created from an EBS snapshot)
  2. Instance Store (the root device for an instance launched from an instance store is a template stored in Amazon S3)
51
Q

What are Instance Store Volumes in AMIs?

A
  1. Sometimes called ephemeral storage
  2. They cannot be stopped (only terminated)
  3. If the underlying host fails, you will lose your data, but you can reboot the instance without losing your data
  4. If you delete the instance, you lose the instance store volume
52
Q

What are EBS volumes in AMIs?

A
  1. EBS-backed instances can be stopped without data loss
  2. By default the root device volume will be deleted on termination, but you can request that it not be deleted.
53
Q

What is AWS Backup?

A
  1. A way of consolidating your backups across multiple AWS services, like EC2, EBS, EFS, Amazon FSx for Lustre, Amazon FSx for Windows File Server and AWS Storage Gateway and can include other database technologies such as RDS and DynamoDB.
  2. It can be used by AWS Organizations to back up multiple AWS accounts in your organization.
54
Q

What are the benefits of AWS Backup?

A
  1. Central Management (one console to backup multiple services)
  2. Automation (schedules and retention policies and lifecyle policies)
  3. Improved Compliance (backup policies can be enforced and auditing is made easy due to consolidated view of backups across many AWS services)

AWS Certified Solutions Architect - Associate (16 decks)

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