EL: Discrimination + Negotiation

Question 1

What is stereotyping?

Answer 1

• CHARACTERISATION
  > simplify information about a social group and make assumptions about an individual on the basis of their membership of that group.

Question 2

Why does stereotyping, prejudice and discrimination occur?

Answer 2

1- Social categorisation: Stereotyping is an automatic thought process through which we assign people to social categories which are different from “us”. = Leads to behaviour which is self –serving for us at the expense of them.

2- Scapegoating: when we feel powerless to do anything about that difficulty we may project the blame on to a helpless minority or individual and take out our frustration on them. Because the scapegoat is seen as being guilty we feel justified in taking our frustration out on them.

3- Personality: harsh parental up-bringing which creates feelings of ambiguity in the individual. They resolve this by idealising authority and displacing their negative feelings onto weaker others (“them”).

4- Upbringing: We may learn our prejudices from our parents and families who may give us approval for prejudiced behaviour or we may model their behaviour. As we grow older we may also conform with the prejudices of others to gain acceptance and avoid ridicule or rejection.

5- Competition: Competition for scarce resources can create conflict, hostility and prejudice

6- Poor communication: Lack of or difficulties in communication where there are differences in language or shared culture can lead to frustration, misunderstanding and prejudice.

Question 3

What does UNITED stand for?

Answer 3

Question 4

What are the 4 forms of discrimination?

Answer 4

1- Direct: a decision treats one person unfairly
2- Indirect: a new rule disadvantages a group of people because of their protected characteristics
3- Harassment: Unwanted conduct related to a relevant protected characteristic, which has the purpose or effect of violating an individual’s dignity or creating an intimidating, hostile, degrading, humiliating or offensive environment for that
individual
4- Victimisation: unfair treatment of a person who is
taking action under the Act (or their supporter) e.g. a complainant threatened with the sack unless they withdraw their complaint.

Question 5

Define:
Microinvalidations
Microinsults
Microassaults

Answer 5

Microinvalidations: shows of ignorance, not malice. e.g. ‘I do not see colour’ > perpetrator is unwilling to believe in the oppression and discrimination that marginalised people face.
Microinsults: non malicious slights that normally take the form of compliments
e.g. ‘where are you really from? ‘Your English is really good for an Asian’
Microassaults: deliberate, malicious and harmful, like racial slurs which put down the marginalised. e.g. serving white person first

Question 6

What is structural discrimination?

Answer 6

• Institutional discrimination against
  individuals of a given protected characteristic such as race or gender which has the effect of restricting their opportunities.

Question 7

How can an active bystander intervene?

Answer 7

Question 8

What are the 5 Ds of being an active bystander?

Answer 8

1- Distract: call your friend’s mobile and ask them a question or suggest it’s time to go.
You can distract the person harassing someone e.g. ‘Oh hey, didn’t I see you out last Friday?’

2- Direct action e.g. intervene your self if you’re feel able, or as a group. Ask your Friends to help out. They can pull someone aside to check if they’re OK, or say to the perpetrator ‘We see what you’re doing, and we think it’s #NeverOK

3- Delegate e.g. find an authority figure - a bartender, security, police etc.

4- Delay: report later when safer to do so - it is never too late
Always choose a safe and sensible way to intervene that feels natural to you.

5- Document as part of reporting concerns

Trust your instincts: if a situation or person doesn’t seem “right”, remove yourself or your friends from the situation.

Question 9

What are the 4 Cs of active bystander?

Answer 9

• Keep calm and courteous
• Be clear and concise
  + cognisance (know your audience by genuine listening)
  + congruence (honesty)
  + claim yourself (own your thoughts feelings and needs- use ‘I…’ statements, not
  ‘You…’)
  Be persistent, persuasive, and provide evidence or data for your concerns

Question 10

What is negotiation?

Answer 10

• Negotiation is the process by which two or more parties with different interests or
  perspectives attempt to reach agreement”

Question 11

Summarise:

Answer 11

• Make a stand against patients, peers, tutors and clinicians who abuse others
• Zero tolerance: call out, and develop an active bystander role
• Support those affected
• Develop an awareness of the issues facing those that are ‘different’
• Don’t downplay significance of microaggression, or the size of the problem
• Know who you can report matters to, and who can provide help or support, as needed - SESO, Placement Supervisor, Raising Concerns process etc.