El-101 (Finals) (First sem) (Syntax/Word class) Flashcards
is the level of grammar
that specifically refers to the
arrangement of words and
morphemes in the construction of
sentences.
Syntax
deals with the interrelationship
of the elements that make up
sentences, and how different rules of
arrangement are used to construct
statements, questions, commands, and
other types of utterances
Syntax
Describing the subconscious
knowledge that people
possess about the syntax of
their language. It is an
attempt to discover the rules
being used.
Descriptive Grammar
Telling that there is a correct
or incorrect way to write or
speak, just like what a
language teacher does in a
grammar class.
Prescriptive Grammar
All humans are born with an
innate capacity for language
and that this capacity shapes
the rules for what is
considered “correct”
grammar.
Generative Grammar
words used to refer to people (boy),
creatures (dog), places (school),
qualities (smoothness), phenomena
(earthquake), and abstract ideas (love)
as if they were all things
Nouns
express attributes of nouns
happy people | large object
adjectives
words used to refer to various kinds
of actions (go, talk), and states (be,
have) involving people in events
Verb
words used to express attributes of
verbs; provide more info about
actions, states, and events (slowly,
yesterday); used with adjectives to
modify info about things
really large objects move slowly; very strange day
Adverbs
stand in for nouns, typically referring
to people and things already known
She talks to herself.
They said it belonged to you.
Pronouns
words used with nouns in phrases
providing information about time,
place, and other connections
involving actions and things
Prepositions
words used to make connections and
indicate relationships between
events
and, but, because, when
Chantel’s husband was so sweet and he helped her a lot
because she couldn’t do much when she was pregnant.
Conjunctons
words that specify nouns in various
ways (indefinite, definite, possession,
quantity)
a | an | the | my | his | some | this | both
the desk | a table | an easy reading
Determiners
is a sequence of words or
group of words arranged in a
grammatical construction, and
functions as a unit in a sentence
Phrase
have a determiner
and a noun
(proper noun, noun, articles, pronouns)
noun phrase
have a verb,
(sometimes) an NP and PP
(go to the store; talk with a teacher)
Verb phrases
always
starts with a preposition and ends
with a noun or pronoun
(go to the store; talk with a teacher)
Prepositional Phrases
determine the order of
words in a sentence,
and how the words are
grouped.
Syntatic rules
A tree diagram with
syntactic category
information is called a
Phrase Structure Tree
