Eksamen Flashcards
The ability of the brain, in development and in adulthood, to be changed by environmental inputs is called
Plasticity
A major site of origin of projections using the neurotransmitter dopamine is the
Substantia nigra
The hair cells of the semicircular canals are located in the
Ampulla (ampullae)
The condition apraxia
Is the inability to carry out complex movements in the absence of paralysis or weakness
The basal ganglia are particularly implicated in
Motor control
The polygraph, which is claimed to serve as a lie detector, measures
Autonomic activity
The primary visual cortex of the right hemisphere
receives input originating both eyes
A drug that produces a potent schizophrenia-like state is
Phencyclidine (PCP)
Amphetamine belongs to the type of drugs called
Stimulants
In a chemical synapse the arrival of an action potential
Opens presynaptic voltage-gated calcium channels
The anxiolytic drug diazepam (Valium) belongs to the class of drugs known as
Benzodiazepines
Mirror neurons are
Found in the ventral portion of the premotor cortex
A grand mal (tonic-clonic) epileptic seizure
Includes loss of consciousness and rhythmic tonic-clonic movements
Alzheimer’s disease is consistently associated with the changes in systems using the neurotransmitter
Acetylcholine
Within the cerebral cortex, myelination tends to occur first
In sensory regions
The oval window is
part of the ear
Oxytocin involved in the milk letdown reflex is
Released into the blood stream in the posterior pituitary
Patients with lesions of the amygdala
Have problems recognising fear in facial expressions
Diencephalon
Consists of thalamus and hypothalamus
Repeated exposure to an agonist drug may lead to down-regulation of receptors. This down-regulation consist of
(An excessive amount of a drug is available to the receptor over a period of time, causing) a decrease in the receptor sites that can be counted
At the peak of the action potential, the atonal membrane is acting as a
“Sodium membrane”
The risk of developing Alzheimer’s disease
Can be reduced by remaining physically and mentally active
When an individual reacts to stress
The medulla of the adrenal glands becomes activated and release fast-acting epinephrine and norepinephrine while the adrenal cortex is activated to release more slowly-acting hormones
Patients with schizophrenia show defects in the production of
Pursuit movements
The suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN)of the hypothalamus
Is involved in the regulation of circadian rhythms
Compared to normal individuals, patients suffering depression
Enter REM sleep sooner after sleep onset
The medial preoptic area (mPOA) of the hypothalamus
Is involved in male sexual behaviour of the rat
Neural circuits regulating body temperature
Are exclusively found several levels including the spinal cord, brainstem and the hypothalamus
Stimulation of the _______ produces analgesia in rats
Periaqueductal grey of the brainstem
If a cell releases a hormone that affects the cell next to it, the hormone is said to act in _______ fashion
Paracrine
Which of the following does not normally change during the life span?
Genotype
Melatonin is released almost exclusively
At night
Müllerian ducts develop to form
Internal female reproductive structures
In depression the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-adrenal (HPA) Axis is
Apparently hyperactive since serum cortisol levels are elevated
Stimulation of a photoreceptor results in the generation of _______ in the receptor
A graded hyperpolarization
In the neuromuscular junction
Acetylcholine is released and muscle fibres produce action potential
The lowest level at which impulses from the two ears interact is the
Olivary nucleus (superior olivary nucleus)
Presynaptic autoreceptors
Monitor and regulate the level of transmitter release
In contrast to cortical somatorsensory area S1, sensory area S2 maps
Both sides of the body
The term “hyperpolarization” refers to
Movement of the resting membrane potential away from 0mV
Which hormone is responsible for the contractions of the uterus during childbirth?
Oxytocin
Opiate drugs
Reduce the feeling of pain (analgesia) by binding to opiod receptors
Somatic intervention refers to
Research procedures that alter the structure or function of the body
