Eksamen

Question 1

The ability of the brain, in development and in adulthood, to be changed by environmental inputs is called

Answer 1

Plasticity

Question 2

A major site of origin of projections using the neurotransmitter dopamine is the

Answer 2

Substantia nigra

Question 3

The hair cells of the semicircular canals are located in the

Answer 3

Ampulla (ampullae)

Question 4

The condition apraxia

Answer 4

Is the inability to carry out complex movements in the absence of paralysis or weakness

Question 5

The basal ganglia are particularly implicated in

Answer 5

Motor control

Question 6

The polygraph, which is claimed to serve as a lie detector, measures

Answer 6

Autonomic activity

Question 7

The primary visual cortex of the right hemisphere

Answer 7

receives input originating both eyes

Question 8

A drug that produces a potent schizophrenia-like state is

Answer 8

Phencyclidine (PCP)

Question 9

Amphetamine belongs to the type of drugs called

Answer 9

Stimulants

Question 10

In a chemical synapse the arrival of an action potential

Answer 10

Opens presynaptic voltage-gated calcium channels

Question 11

The anxiolytic drug diazepam (Valium) belongs to the class of drugs known as

Answer 11

Benzodiazepines

Question 12

Mirror neurons are

Answer 12

Found in the ventral portion of the premotor cortex

Question 13

A grand mal (tonic-clonic) epileptic seizure

Answer 13

Includes loss of consciousness and rhythmic tonic-clonic movements

Question 14

Alzheimer’s disease is consistently associated with the changes in systems using the neurotransmitter

Answer 14

Acetylcholine

Question 15

Within the cerebral cortex, myelination tends to occur first

Answer 15

In sensory regions

Question 16

The oval window is

Answer 16

part of the ear

Question 17

Oxytocin involved in the milk letdown reflex is

Answer 17

Released into the blood stream in the posterior pituitary

Question 18

Patients with lesions of the amygdala

Answer 18

Have problems recognising fear in facial expressions

Question 19

Diencephalon

Answer 19

Consists of thalamus and hypothalamus

Question 20

Repeated exposure to an agonist drug may lead to down-regulation of receptors. This down-regulation consist of

Answer 20

(An excessive amount of a drug is available to the receptor over a period of time, causing) a decrease in the receptor sites that can be counted

Question 21

At the peak of the action potential, the atonal membrane is acting as a

Answer 21

“Sodium membrane”

Question 22

The risk of developing Alzheimer’s disease

Answer 22

Can be reduced by remaining physically and mentally active

Question 23

When an individual reacts to stress

Answer 23

The medulla of the adrenal glands becomes activated and release fast-acting epinephrine and norepinephrine while the adrenal cortex is activated to release more slowly-acting hormones

Question 24

Patients with schizophrenia show defects in the production of

Answer 24

Pursuit movements

Question 25

The suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN)of the hypothalamus

Answer 25

Is involved in the regulation of circadian rhythms

Question 26

Compared to normal individuals, patients suffering depression

Answer 26

Enter REM sleep sooner after sleep onset

Question 27

The medial preoptic area (mPOA) of the hypothalamus

Answer 27

Is involved in male sexual behaviour of the rat

Question 28

Neural circuits regulating body temperature

Answer 28

Are exclusively found several levels including the spinal cord, brainstem and the hypothalamus

Question 29

Stimulation of the _______ produces analgesia in rats

Answer 29

Periaqueductal grey of the brainstem

Question 30

If a cell releases a hormone that affects the cell next to it, the hormone is said to act in _______ fashion

Answer 30

Paracrine

Question 31

Which of the following does not normally change during the life span?

Answer 31

Genotype

Question 32

Melatonin is released almost exclusively

Answer 32

At night

Question 33

Müllerian ducts develop to form

Answer 33

Internal female reproductive structures

Question 34

In depression the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-adrenal (HPA) Axis is

Answer 34

Apparently hyperactive since serum cortisol levels are elevated

Question 35

Stimulation of a photoreceptor results in the generation of _______ in the receptor

Answer 35

A graded hyperpolarization

Question 36

In the neuromuscular junction

Answer 36

Acetylcholine is released and muscle fibres produce action potential

Question 37

The lowest level at which impulses from the two ears interact is the

Answer 37

Olivary nucleus (superior olivary nucleus)

Question 38

Presynaptic autoreceptors

Answer 38

Monitor and regulate the level of transmitter release

Question 39

In contrast to cortical somatorsensory area S1, sensory area S2 maps

Answer 39

Both sides of the body

Question 40

The term “hyperpolarization” refers to

Answer 40

Movement of the resting membrane potential away from 0mV

Question 41

Which hormone is responsible for the contractions of the uterus during childbirth?

Answer 41

Oxytocin

Question 42

Opiate drugs

Answer 42

Reduce the feeling of pain (analgesia) by binding to opiod receptors

Question 43

Somatic intervention refers to

Answer 43

Research procedures that alter the structure or function of the body