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Clin Med Cardio Exam 1 > EKGs > Flashcards

EKGs Flashcards

1
Q

If one cell depolarizes, what happens?

A

They all depolarize!

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2
Q

What are you reading on an EKG?

A

Movement of an electrical current i.e. the depolarization (NOT the electric current itself)

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3
Q

Depolarization in the heart is always followed by?

A

Mechanical contraction

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4
Q

What are the 3 characteristics of a wave?

A

Duration, amplitude, configuration

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5
Q

The distance across one small square represents ___ seconds. The distance across one large square is ___ seconds.

A
  1. 04s

0. 2s

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6
Q

What is the x axis on an EKG and what is the y axis?

A

X axis = time

Y axis = voltage

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7
Q

The vertical axis measures voltage. The distance (top to bottom) of one small square represents ___. The distance (top to bottom) of one large square is ___

A
  1. 1mV

0. 5mV

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8
Q

The spread of depolarization through the atrial myocardium from start to finish

A

P wave

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9
Q

The P-wave can be divided in half, what do the two sides represent?

A

Depolarization of R atria

Depolarization of L atria

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10
Q

Gate to the interventricular septum and purkinje fibers – slows conduction to a crawl

A

AV node

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11
Q

How long does it take for a current to pass through the AV node?

A

1/10s

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12
Q

What is the purpose of the AV node?

A

To let the atria finish contracting before the ventricles contract

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13
Q

What makes up the conducting system and how long does it take a current to pass through here?

A

Bundle of his
Bundle branches
Perkinje fibers

1/10s

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14
Q

What is the difference between the left bundle branch and the right?

A

Left has septal fascicle, anterior fascicle, and posterior fascicle

Right does not

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15
Q

Depolarizes interventricular septum

A

Septal fascicle

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16
Q

Runs along anterior wall of left ventricle

A

Anterior fascicle

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17
Q

Sweeps over the posterior wall of the left ventricle

A

Posterior fascicle

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18
Q

What wave represents ventricular myocardial depolarization causing ventricular contraction

A

QRS

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19
Q

Depolarization goes from _____ to ____ tissue

A

Endocardial to epicardial

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20
Q

Repolarization goes from ____ to ____ tissue

A

Epicardial to endocardial

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21
Q

First downward deflection

A

Q wave

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22
Q

Upward deflection after Q wave

A

R wave

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23
Q

Second upward deflection after Q wave

24
Q

First downward deflection following an upward deflection

25
If the first wave of the complex isa n R wave, the ensuing downward deflection will be?
S wave! S wave is the first downward deflection following an upward deflection
26
Which wave represents ventricular repolarization?
T wave
27
Straight line connecting two waves
Segment
28
One wave plus the connecting straight line
Interval
29
P wave and straight line connecting it to the QRS complex
PR interval
30
Straight line running from the end of the P wave to the start of the QRS complex (This is the time from end of atrial depolarization to the start of ventricular depolarization)
PR segment
31
Straight line connecting the end of the QRS complex with the beginning of the T wave (Time from end of ventricular depolarization to the start of ventricular depolarization)
ST segment
32
QRS complex, ST segment, T wave (Time from beginning of ventricular depolarization to end of ventricular repolarization)
QT interval
33
Duration of QRS complex alone without any connecting segments (measures duration of ventricular depolarization)
QRS interval
34
A wave of depolarization moving TOWARD a positive electrode causes a _____ deflection on the EKG
Positive
35
A wave of depolarization moving AWAY from a positive electrode causes a ____ deflection
Negative
36
A wave of depolarization PERPENDICULAR to a positive electrode causes a _____
Biphasic wave
37
A wave of repolarization moving AWAY from a positive electrode causes a _____ deflection
positive
38
A wave of repolarization moving TOWARD a positive electrode causes a _____ deflection
negative
39
A wave of repolarization PERPENDICULAR to a positive electrode causes a _____
Biphasic wave
40
Lead I makes the left arm ____ and the right arm ____ and has an angle of ____
Positive Negative 0 degrees
41
Lead II makes the legs _____ and right arm ____ and has an angle of ____
Positive Negative 60 degrees
42
Lead III makes the legs ____ and the left arm ____ and has an angle of
Positive Negative 120 degrees
43
Lead aVL is created by making the left arm ___ and the other limbs ___ and has an angle of orientation of ____
Positive Negative -30
44
Lead aVR is created by making the right arm ____ and the other limbs ____ and has an angle of orientation of _____
Positive Negative -150
45
Lead aVF is created by making the legs ____ and the other limbs ____. Its angle of orientation is _____
Positive Negative 90
46
Where is V1 placed?
4th ICS to the right of the sternum
47
Where is V2 placed?
4th ICS to the left of the sternum
48
Where is V3 placed?
between V2 and V4
49
Where is V4 placed?
5th ICS and midclavicular line
50
Where is V5 placed?
Between V4 and V6
51
Where is V6 placed?
5th ICS in midaxillary line
52
Which leads view the anterior portion of the heart?
V2, V3, V4
53
Which leads most effectively view the inferior surface of the heart?
II, III, aVF (inferior leads)
54
Which leads most effectively view the left lateral wall of the heart?
V5, V6, I and aVL (left lateral leads)
55
Which leads are the right ventricular leads?
aVR, V1

Clin Med Cardio Exam 1 (3 decks)

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