EKG test 1

Question 0

Part of the chest wall overlying mediastinum is

Answer 0

Precordium

Question 1

The heart

Answer 1

-delicate muscular structure lies in the mediastinum protected by the rib cage

usually simulated left of the midline and above the diahgram

Question 2

Four pumping chambers of heart

Answer 2

Right atrium
Right ventricle
Left atrium
Left ventricle

Question 3

The heart dimensions

Answer 3

• 5 inches long
• 3.5 inches wide
• 2.25 inches thick
• Weighs 250-350 grams 11 ounces
• the size of an adult closed fist

Four Chambers

: right atrium
: right ventricle
: right ventricle
: left ventricle

Question 4

Endocardium

Answer 4

Allows blood to go through smooth , smooth layer inside layer of heart

Question 5

Myocardium

Answer 5

Thickest layer muscular middle layer

Question 6

Pericardium

Answer 6

Double layer membrane covers the outside of the heart keeps heart lubricated

Question 7

Septum

Answer 7

Muscular wall that separates heart into a right and left side

Prevents blood from moving between the right and left side of the heart

Question 8

Major electrolyte that determines cardiac contractivity

Answer 8

Calcium

Question 9

Possible causes of myocardial infarction

Answer 9

• anemic
• inadequate oxygen supply
• hypoemia
• coronary artery narrowing(blockage)
• exercise
• smoking
• eat heavy meals
• congestive heart failure

Question 10

Basic needed to perform EKG

Answer 10

• machine
• electrodes
• leads

Question 11

Function of the sympathetic nervous system

Answer 11

Flight fight response

Sympathetic system increases automaticity

Parasympathetic system inhibits

Question 12

Right atrium

Answer 12

Receives blood as it returns from the body cells.

Upper most chamber of the heart

Venous circulation from the test if the body empties into right atrium through superior vena cava. Venous blood from coronary circulation also empties into the tight atrium through coronary sinus

Has an embedded natural pacemaker called Sino Atrial node (SA node)

Question 13

Tricuspid valve

Answer 13

Located between the right atrium and right ventricle

Allows blood to flow only in downward direction

Question 14

Right ventricle

Answer 14

Receives blood from the right atrium and pumps blood into the pulmonary artery which carries blood to the lungs for oxygen

Question 15

Left atrium

Answer 15

Receives oxygenated blood from the lungs ( pulmonary circulation through two pairs of pulmonary veins)

Question 16

Left ventricle

Answer 16

Most important pumping chamber of the heart

Receives blood from the left atrium and pumps blood into the aorta for transport to the body cells

Question 17

Aortic valve

Answer 17

Largest artery in the body

Located between the aorta and left

Regulates possible back flow of blood during ventricular diastole ( relaxation)

Question 18

Mitral valve

Answer 18

Located between the left atrium and the left ventricle

Closes when the left ventricle is contracting allows blood flow into aorta for transport to the body prevents blood from flowing back into the left atrium

Question 19

Cardiac cycle

Answer 19

Represent the series of events happen with each heartbeat

Question 20

Events during Cardiac Cycle

Answer 20

-ventricular systole(contraction )
Blood ejects out

-ventricular diastole(relaxation)
Empties and allowed to fill

-
-ventricular systole(contraction )
Blood ejects out

-atrial systole(contraction)

Question 21

Performance of Cardiac Muscle depends on three main factors

Answer 21

Preload- amount of muscle stretch at the beginning of contraction

Afterload- the pressure against which it has to pump

Contractility- the force of contraction

Question 22

Frank Sterlings law

Answer 22

The longer the stretch of cardiac muscle before contraction, the stronger the contraction will be

Question 23

Coronary circulation

Answer 23

The heart being the major pumping organ of the body supplying blood to all of the organs it itself gets blood supply through a system of circulation called Coronary Circulation.

The coronary arteries supply blood to the myocardium during diastole

Question 24

There are two main coronary artery systems such as

Answer 24

Right coronary artery (RCA) -has a direct effect on heart rate in terms of natural pace making function.

This is why patients with right coronary artery occlusion and resulting inferior wall myocardial infarction may have bradycardia or various degree of heart block

Left main coronary artery (LMCA) - supplies two thirds of the cardiac blood supply