EKG Interpretation

Question 1

7 conduction points in the electrical conduction of the heart

Answer 1

SA node/Internodal and Intraatrial pathways/AV node/ Bundle of His / L and R Bundle Branches / Purkinje fibers

Question 2

Electrical flow that shows a positive deflection

Electrical flow that shows a negative deflection

Answer 2

• to +

+ to -

Question 3

PRI should be how long
QRS should be how long
For a rhythm to be regular, the _____ has the same interval

Answer 3

.12-.20 seconds
less than .12 seconds
R-R interval

Question 4

4 types of arrythmias that are categorized by their pacemaker impulse

Answer 4

sinus, atrial, junctional, ventricular

Question 5

wandering pacemaker is caused when:

Answer 5

the pacemaker roles switch from beat to beat from the SA node to the atria and back again

Question 6

Atrial tachycardia

Answer 6

caused by a signal focus in the atria that fires rapidly to override the SA node and thus assumes pacemaking responsibility for the entire rhythm

Question 7

atrial flutter

Answer 7

an atrial arrhythmia that occurs when ectopic foci in the atria exceed a rate of 250-350 bpm

Question 8

atrial fibrillation

Answer 8

atria become irritable and are no longer beating, but quivering from multiple pacemaker sites

Question 9

junctional arrhythmia biggest clue

Answer 9

inverted P-wave or absent P-wave

Question 10

PJC

Answer 10

single ectopic beat that comes from the AV junction

Question 11

1st degree heart block

Answer 11

least serious of all heart blocks because it only delays conduction and allows all impulses through to the ventricles
PRI is >.20 and constant

Question 12

2nd degree heart block

Answer 12

heart block that block some conduction but not all. not every P wave is followed by a QRS (type I and II)

Question 13

2nd degree type I rules

Answer 13

Irregular
slightly lower rate
uniform upright P, some not followed by QRS
PRI progressively lengthens until one P wave is blocked

Question 14

2nd degree type II rules

Answer 14

P-P regular / R-R regular or irregular
usually bradycardia
uniform upright P’s, more than 1 P for every QRS
PRI is constant can be >.20

Question 15

3rd degree heart block rules

Answer 15

regular
AR 60-100bpm VR 40-60 Junc 20-40 bpm
uniform upright P's, more P's than QRS
no relationship with PRI
QRS: .12 ventricular

Question 16

What are the requirements for formation of reentrant focus?

Answer 16

2 pathways of conduction (slow and fast) and an area of unidirectional block secondary to prolonged reformatories in one of the pathways

Question 17

This is the time from atrial depolarization to ventricular depolarization

Answer 17

P:QRS ratio

Question 18

This is the interval we measure for heart rate

Answer 18

R-R interval

Question 19

This is the duration of the atrial cycle

Answer 19

P-P interval

Question 20

This is the time from the onset of atrial depolarization to onset of ventricular depolarization

Answer 20

P-R interval

Question 21

This is the time from depolarization to depolarization of the ventricles

Answer 21

QT interval

Question 22

This wave correlates to ventricular repolarization

Answer 22

T wave

Question 23

This correlates to ventricular depolarization

Answer 23

QRS

Question 24

This wave correlates to atrial depolarization

Answer 24

P wave

Question 25

Phase which cell is returning to RMP and is most permeable to K+

Answer 25

phase 4

Question 26

phase at which rapid K+ efflux causes rapid repolarization

Answer 26

phase 3

Question 27

phase where Ca+ enters cell and there is an efflux of K+ and this lengthens the action potential

Answer 27

phase 2

Question 28

phase that Cl- enters the cell and Na+ channels are inactivated

Answer 28

phase 1

Question 29

phase of action potential that there is rapid depolarization and voltage sensitive Na+ potentials open

Answer 29

phase 0

Question 30

normal bpm for SA node

Answer 30

60-100

Question 31

normal bpm for AV node

Answer 31

40-60

Question 32

normal bpm for purkinje system

Answer 32

15-40

Question 33

ectopic arrhythmia

Answer 33

the pacemaker is located someplace other than the SA node

Question 34

junctional

Answer 34

pacemaker is somewhere in or around the AV node

Question 35

supraventricular

Answer 35

pacemaker is someplace above the ventricle