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EKG > EKG Final Review > Flashcards

EKG Final Review Flashcards

1
Q

Which of the following chest leads are placed on the chest using specific anatomical landmarks?

A

V1, V2, V4, V5, V6

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2
Q

Which of the following can cause extreme right axis deviation?

A

Dextrocardia

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3
Q

Which of the following is a characteristic of P-P intervals in all heart block dysrhythmias?

A

Regular

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4
Q

What is recorded on the ECG strip?

A

The electrical activity of the heart

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5
Q

To locate the intercostal space (ICS), the ECG technician feels for the bony part of the rib cage for…..

A

False

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6
Q

In a RBBB, the QRS is:

A

Positively deflected

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7
Q

Electrical safety is maintained while performing an ECG by all of the following EXCEPT

A

Removing the plug from the electrical outlet by pulling it out by the prong connection

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8
Q

Which of the following is NOT implied consent?

A

Pt signing a consent form for a treadmill stress test

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9
Q

Atrial fibrillation shows chaotic disorganized activity between QRS complexes

A

True

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10
Q

About how many inches of complexes should you run for leads I, II and III?

A

About 8 to 10 inches

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11
Q

The LCD display is an area on the 12 lead ECG machine where the following information is available to view

A

All of the above

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12
Q

Which layer is prone to disruption when atherosclerotic plaque is ruptured and peels away?

A

Tunica intima

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13
Q

The echocardiogram uses sound waves to create an image of the walls and chambers of the heart and is.. valves

A

False

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14
Q

When the pacemaker delivers ventricular pacing, the pacing spike will be followed by a wide QRS complex, which looks similar …

A

LBBB

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15
Q

The indicators of myocardial ischemia are

A

ST segment depression, T wave inversion

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16
Q

Which one of the following is NOT a reason to use an ambulatory monitor?

A

To evaluate oxygen utilization by the myocardium

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17
Q

What device enables lay rescuers to help a pt with sudden cardiac arrest?

A

Automatic external defibrillator (AED)

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18
Q

The first electrocardiograph was invented by

A

Wilhelm Einthoven

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19
Q

A BBB must be considered when the QRS complex measures:

A

0.12 seconds or greater

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20
Q

What is the heart’s response to stimulation of the Vagus nerve?

A

Slows down

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21
Q

Fast, irregular heartbeat sensations felt by the pt, which may or may not be associated with complaints of chest pain

A

Palpitations?

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22
Q

What should you do if you recognize ventricular tachycardia on the ECG monitor?

A

All of the above

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23
Q

What factor on a pacemaker tracing is similar to the measurement of the PR interval on a nl rhythm tracing

A

Atrioventricular delay

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24
Q

The function of the heart is to pump blood to and from all the tissues of the body

A

True

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25
Q

One of the primary branches of the R main coronary artery providing blood to the posterior wall of the heart is the

A

Posterior descending artery

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26
Q

Occlusion of the circumflex artery leads to cardiogenic shock and sudden death and is often referred to as the “widow maker”

A

False

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27
Q

The V5 lead is placed midway between V4 and V6 on the L anterior axillary line

A

True

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28
Q

____ Causes the inverted P wave morphology found with junctional rhythms?

A

Electrical impulses are coming from the AV node instead of the SA node, causing depolarization of the atria to f….

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29
Q

What is the origination point of a supraventricular tachycardia?

A

Above the ventricles

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30
Q

If the pt’s normal heart rate is 60 and it now 140, the pt probably will not experience any sx’s of just…

A

False

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31
Q

What measurement on the ECG tracing represents how long it takes for the current to travel through the ventricular myocardium

A

QRS duration

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32
Q

What medical conditions place pressure on the atria, causing atrial dysrhythmias to occur?

A

Myocardial infarction, valvular problems, neurological influences.

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33
Q

The QRS measurement in all junctional dysrhythmias is within normal limits, between 0.06 and 0.10 seconds.

A

True

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34
Q

Following an exercise stress test, the pt will have a cooling off period. How long will this last and what should you do

A

10-15

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35
Q

Pts may experience chest pain due to what condition that is not cardiac in origin?

A

All of the above: Gallbladder pain, inflammation of the lungs, and gastric or esophageal irritation

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36
Q

How many people in the United States suffer form angina

A

10 million

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37
Q

An impulse that occurs too soon after the preceding impulse, causing a period when no other impulses can occur in the …

A

Blocked or non-conducted impulse

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38
Q

The two most common types of ambulatory monitoring are:

A

Continuous and intermittent

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39
Q

PVC’s that occur during the normal R-R internal without interrupting the normal cycle are known as:

A

Interpolated

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40
Q

What is the most common;y used stress test protocol?

A

Bruce protocol

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41
Q

Which heart block dysrhythmia has regular P-P and R-R intervals that both occur at the same rate?

A

First degree heart block

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42
Q

Which leads view the septal wall?

A

V1 and V2

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43
Q

Junctional rhythms are suggestive of more serious conditions with the electrical conduction system in the heart

A

True

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44
Q

Telemetry monitoring is the transmission of an electrical signal to a monitoring station, similar to a transmitter radio

A

True

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45
Q

Which landmark is an imaginary line on the chest that runs vertically through the enter of the clavicle?

A

Midclavicular line

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46
Q

Which atrial dysrhythmia has a clearly changing P wave and a heart rate of 101 to 150 bpm

A

Multifocal atrial tachycardia (MAT)

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47
Q

When the pt has a LBBB, the L conduction pathway is blocked. The current travels down the L then R ventricle to contract

A

False

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48
Q

What would you tell a pt who asked you how long a thallium stress test would last?

A

4-5 hours

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49
Q

An ectopic focus originating above the ventricles in the atria or junctional region of the heart is:

A

Supraventricular

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50
Q

Which type of ambulatory monitoring is performed in a hospital

A

Telemetry

51
Q

The usual setting for the artifact filter is

A

40 Hz

52
Q

Every atrial spike should have a P wave after it to indicate that the electrical current is causing the cells to depolarize

A

True

53
Q

In sinus dysrhythmia, if the heart rate decreases to 40 to 50 bpm, the pt may complain of

A

Palpitations, dizziness

54
Q

What sx’s would you observe in a pt with first degree AV block

A

The pt should have a nl cardiac output and no sx’s

55
Q

Which so the following is not considered a bipolar lead?

A

AVR

56
Q

When is an atrial pacemaker used alone?

A

When the conduction system from the AV node through the ventricles is intact and functioning

57
Q

Which heart block dysrhythmia has a PR interval that gets progressively longer until the QRS is dropped, and after…

A

Second degree AV block, type I

58
Q

Which of the following sx’s are signs of unstable angina

A

All of these: chest pain is more frequent or severe, chest pain occurs with less exertion or lasts longer than usual, chest pain does not respond to medications as it did before

59
Q

The abnormal thickening of the ventricular wall due to chronic pressure overload that is often caused by hypertension is known as

A

Hypertrophy

60
Q

A strong bleach solution and stiff bristle brush to clean the equipment case, cover and control panel of the ECG machine

A

False

61
Q

The tricuspid and mitral valves are known as ___ because they separate the atria from the ventricles.

A

Atrioventricular valves

62
Q

How would frequent premature atrial complexes affect a pt with coronary artery disease?

A

Low cardiac output

63
Q

Which pacemaker complication shows a pacing spike, but no waveform immediately following it?

A

Loss of capture

64
Q

What is the difference between ventricular tachycardia and ventricular fibrillation

A

Ventricular fibrillation is chaotic in appearance

65
Q

Together, the contraction and relaxation of the heart make up:

A

The cardiac cycle

66
Q

You will be able to determine the atrial rate in atrial fibrillation

A

False

67
Q

Uncontrolled atrial fibrillation has a heart rate between 60 -100 bpm

A

False

68
Q

The ability of the heart cells to receive and transmit an electrical impulse is known as:

A

Conductivity

69
Q

Which ventricular dysrhythmia is often called “the straight or flat line” of rhythms?

A

Asystole

70
Q

Which of the following conditions would NOT prevent a pt form participating in exercise electrocardiography

A

Diabetes

71
Q

When the paper is 25mm/sec, there are how many boxes per minute

A

150 boxes per minute

72
Q

Idioventricular rhythms occur when the sinoatrial and junctional pacemakers fail to initiate an impulse

A

True

73
Q

A normal QRS complex is 0.12 to 0.20 seconds in length

A

False

74
Q

How are agonal rhythm and asystole the same

A

All of the above: In both rhythms the pt will be unconscious, both rhythms have an absence of P waves, both rhythms are life threatening and require basic and advanced life support

75
Q

First degree heart block can lead to decreased cardiac output

A

False

76
Q

You observe a wide QRS complex in lead II. Which lead should you check to evaluate the location of the bundle branch block

A

Lead V1

77
Q

Why is it unlikely that a pt would have sx’s of low cardiac output with accelerated junctional rhythm?

A

The heart rate is the same as normal sinus rhythm

78
Q

Which of the following is not a possible cause of left axis deviation?

A

Anterolateral wall MI

79
Q

Which of the following medications would most likely be stopped prior to a treadmill stress test

A

Beta blocker

80
Q

With second degree AV block, type I

A

Not all of the P waves are followed by a QRS complex

81
Q

___ rhythm occurs when the SA node fails to initiate the electrical activity and one of the backup pacemakers sites takes over

A

Escape rhythm

82
Q

What changes occur in the eCG tracing with a STEMI

A

All of the above

83
Q

First degree heart block is not a true block; there is delay around the AV node, but each impulse is eventually conducted

A

True

84
Q

WAP is a normal finding in children, older adults, and well conditioned athletes. It may also be found in pts with

A

Organic heart disease and drug toxicity

85
Q

The advantage of continuous monitoring over intermittent monitoring

A

Continuous monitoring provides a complete tracing and records before, during, and after the pt activates…

86
Q

A normal PR interval is 0.06-0.10 seconds in length

A

False

87
Q

If disposable electrodes are left on a pt’s sin for more than two readings, inaccurate ECG tracings may result

A

True

88
Q

Rhythm? or regularity of atrial contraction is evaluated by assessing the regularity or irregularity of the R waves

A

False

89
Q

Which three groups of pts present with complaints or problems that are atypical?

A

Women, elderly, diabetics

90
Q

Steps in evaluating a pacemaker ECG tracing include all of the following except

A

What is the ration of paced beats to own beats within 1 minute

91
Q

Name the two semilunar valves

A

Aortic, pulmonary

92
Q

Which of these pts would have Persantine thallium stress test?

A

68 year old pt confined to his bed after cardiac surgery

93
Q

With junctional rhythms, the electrical current is initiated form the

A

AV junction

94
Q

BBB can be seen in the

A

Precordial leads

95
Q

The effect of junctional tachycardia on the pt depends on

A

The rate of the rhythm

96
Q

The ECG waveform is indicative of

A

How the heart is functioning electrically

97
Q

The pt with junctional escape rhythm has a faster than normal heart rate

A

False

98
Q

The advantage of atrioventricular pacing?

A

It mimics the normal cardiac conduction system and allows the atria to contract completely prior to the ventricles to …

99
Q

How do you determine how many pretest recordings of BP and 12 lead ECG’s you obtain

A

Check with the physicians orders

100
Q

Frequently, second degree AV block, type I, will progress to third degree AV block

A

False

101
Q

Atrial dysrhythmia has a cardiac complex that occurs too soon, has a positively deflected P wave, …

A

Premature atrial complexes (PAC)

102
Q

… Instruct the pt when the appointment is made in preparation for an exercise electrocardiography. Which of the ….

A

Check the order and instruct pts regarding medications they should or should not take prior to the procedure

103
Q

When estimating the heart rate with the 6 second method, you must locate 6 seconds on rhythm strip, …

A

10

104
Q

What is the normal, inherent rate of the AV node?

A

40-60 bpm

105
Q

BBB

A

Is diagnosed by analyzing only the width of the QRS complexes

106
Q

Identify the rhythm using these criteria: Regular rhythm, ventricular and atrial rates are 60-100 bpm, P wave precede….

A

NSR

107
Q

….P-P interval is irregular with all heart blocks

A

False

108
Q

….unction of the BBB is to

A

Distribute the electrical impulse through the myocardium

109
Q

Which additional test is not likely to be ordered if the ambulatory monitor results are abnormal

A

Pulmonary function test

110
Q

The outermost layer of the heart is the

A

Epicardium

111
Q

In which of the heart block dysrhythmias are there more P waves than QRS complexes

A

All of these: third degree AV block, second degree AV block, type I, second degree AV block, type II

112
Q

Every instance of ST segment elevation is indicative of myocardial injury

A

True

113
Q

QRS duration measurement represents the time it takes for:

A

The ventricles to depolarize or contract

114
Q

Name one of the questions necessary to analyze a P wave of the ECG tracing

A

Does each P wave have a QRS complex following it?

115
Q

ECG waveform provide basic information about a pts’s condition

A

True

116
Q

Which heart rate method is the most accurate with regular rhythm

A

1500 method

117
Q

The function of the bundle branch system is to

A

Purkinje fibers

118
Q

What term means the ability of the heart to initiate an electrical impulse without being stimulated by another or independent source

A

Automaticity

119
Q

The period of time between ventricular depolarization and the beginning of ventricular depolarization

A

False

120
Q

For women, the hormones produced during child bearing years increase the risk of cardiac problem

A

False

121
Q

If a pt has a L ventricular hypertrophy, the axis deviation will be

A

Left

122
Q

With third degree AV block , there is complete block at a or below

A

True

123
Q

What sx’s would you observe in a pt with first degree AV block

A

The pt should have nl cardiac output and no sx’s

124
Q

V1 and V2 view

A

Left coronary, septal branch

EKG (9 decks)

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