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EM 1 > EKG diagnosis you cant miss > Flashcards

EKG diagnosis you cant miss Flashcards

1
Q
  • Regular cardiac rhythm originating from the sinus node w/ HR over 100bpm in adults
  • can be normal but if at rest could be earliest sign of serious pathology
A

sinus tachycardia

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2
Q

regular cardiac rhythm originating from the sinus node w/ rate < 60bpm in adults
* caused by different intrinsic and extrinsic fctors which may increase vagal tone or compromise sinus node integrity

A

sinus bradycardia

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3
Q

inability of the SA node to generate a heart rate that meets physiologic needs

A

Sick sinus syndrome

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4
Q

these are common causes of what

  • ischemia
  • electrolyte issues
  • lyme dz
  • thyroid dysfunction
  • toxins
A

bradycardia

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5
Q

PR interval > 0.2 seconds at rest w/o interruption in atrial to ventricular conduction; no dropped QRS

A

1st degree block

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6
Q

why is 1st deg. block not a true block

A

atrial impulses are still being conducted to ventricles, its just delayed

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7
Q

two people that could have 1st deg block as their normal

A
  • ppl w/ increased vagal tone (young athletes)
  • ppl w/ slow resting HR
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8
Q

first line in symptomatic 1st & both 2nd deg AV blocks

A

atropine

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9
Q
  • progressively lengthening PR intervals until occasional non-conducted atrial beats
  • shortened R-R interval
  • AV dysfunction above bundle of HIS
A

2nd degree type I (wenckebach)

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10
Q
  • AV dysfunction at the bundle of HIS
  • fixed PR interval
  • nonconducted P waves (dropped QRS after)
A

2nd degree type 2

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11
Q

which block is most common in presence of structural heart dz

A

2nd deg, type 2

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12
Q
  • regular P-P intervals unrelated to regular R-R intervals
  • AV dissociation = complete absence of AV condution where no atrial impulses conduct to the ventricle, so the atrial & ventricle activity are independent of each other
A

3rd degree block

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13
Q
  • reentrant circuit in the atrium aroudn the valve annulus
  • rapid, regular atrial depolarizations at rate around 300 d/t 1 single irritable atrial focus firing at fast rate
  • increased risk of atrial thrombus formation
A

atrial flutter

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14
Q
  • multiple irritable atrial foci fire at fast rates
  • irregularly irregular
  • increased risk of atrial thrombus formation
  • most are asymptomatic
A

afib

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15
Q

most common chronic arrhythmia

A

afib

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16
Q
  • tachyarrhythmias originating above ventricles
  • AVNRT is the most common type
A

paroxysmal SVT

17
Q

most common cause of narrow QRS complex tachycardia

A

AVNRT

18
Q

ventricular preexcitation syndrome resulting in an abnormal conduction through an accessory pathway that bypasses the AV node
* a type of AVRT
* antegrade condutctio through fast accessory path otside AV that bypasses the slower conduction

A

WPW

19
Q

premature beat from ventricle that causes wide, bizarre QRS earlier than expected
T wave usually in opposite direction
compensatory pause

A

PVC

20
Q
  • RCA occlusion
  • leads: II, III, avF
  • reciprocal: I and avL
  • concave shape
A

inferior STEMI

21
Q
  • Leads V3, V4
  • LAD/ widow maker
  • often involves septal and lateral walls
A

anterior MI

22
Q

which wall

I and avL
V5, 6

A

lateral wall

23
Q
  • ST depression in V1-3/4
  • posterior descending artery
  • get posterior EKG
A

posterior MI

24
Q

ST elevation in V1-3
T wave inversions in V1 & V2
RBBB

A

brugada syndrome

25
Q

why is new LBBB significant?

A

its STEMI equivalent

26
Q
  • high grade proximal LAD occlusion
  • no troponin elevation/minimal
  • no STE
  • recurrent CP
A

wellens syndrome

27
Q

which type of wellens has deeply inverted T waves in leads V2 and V3

A

Wellens B

28
Q

which type of wellens has biphasic T wave in leads V2 and V3

A

wellens A

29
Q

horizontal ST depressions in 2+ anterior leads (V1-V4)
tall broad R waves or dominant R wave in V2

A

posterior MI

30
Q

why are posterior MIs significant

A

implies a much larger area of myocardial damage, with an increased risk of left ventricular dysfunction and death

EM 1 (5 decks)

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