EKG, CO2 Elimination, ETCO2, SpO2, & StO2 Measurement Flashcards
Einthoven was responsible for
making the EKG more sensitive
The ECG is responsible for
creating a potential difference across the heart; it picks up the electrical activities of our cells
Where is lead II at?
60 degrees
Where is lead III at?
120 degrees
Where is lead I at?
0 degrees
Where is lead aVL at?
-30 degrees
Where is lead aVr at?
-150 degrees
Where is lead aVf at?
90 degrees
What is the view of chest leads?
transverse view of the heart
Leads V1 and V2 are said to be
anteroseptal
Leads V3 and V4 are said to be
anteroapical
Leads V5 and V6 are said to be
anterolateral
What are the lateral leads and where does the problem then lie?
Leads I, aVL, V5, and V6
problem with the left circumflex artery
What are the inferior leads and where does the problem then lie?
Leads II, III, and aVF
problem with the right coronary artery
What are the anterior leads and where does the problem then lie?
V1, V2, V3, and V4
left anterior descending artery
The Beer Lambert law says
more light is absorbed or absorbance increases as solute concentration increases
the amount of energy absorbed or transmitted by a solution is proportional to the solution’s molar absorptivity and the concentration of a solute
- a more concentrated solution absorbs more light than a more dilute solution
The relationship between light and absorbance
the amount of light that is transmitted is inversely proportional to the absorbance
-the more light that is transmitted, the less concentrated the solution, so the less that has been absorbed
The relationship between transmission and absorbance
transmission is inversely proportional to absorbance
if all light passes through a sample, none was absorbed so the absorbance would be zero and the transmission would be 100%. the solution would be pure solvent
Absorbance is
a measure of the quantity of light absorbed by a sample
Application of the Beer-Lambert law to pulse oximetry
the sensor shines two different wavelengths to determine how oxygenated and deoxygenated the blood is
we get a proportion of how much is oxygenated and how much is deoxygenated
What substances act as CO2 scrubbers?
Soda lime and calcium hydroxide lime
both are bases and will neutralize CO2 which is a volatile acid
At what volume are we completely reliant on the scrubbers to prevent CO2 rebreathing?
0.3-0.5 L/min
At what volume are not utilizing the scrubbers at all?
4-5 L
What are the end products of the scrubber?
carbonates, H20, and heat (exothermic reaction)