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EKG > EKG Class 3 > Flashcards

EKG Class 3 Flashcards

1
Q

causes of sinus tachycardia

A

response to exercise, fever, hypovolemic shock/dehydration, thyroid dz, anxiety, drugs (caffeine, epi, isoproternerol)

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2
Q

causes of sinus bradycardia:

A

hypothermia, drugs (BB), intracranial HTN, vagus nerve stimulation

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3
Q

location of dz in sick sinus syndrome:

A

SA node “forgets to fire”

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4
Q

EKG findings of sick sinus:

A

P waves are present, varying rate (PPintervals)

intermittent normal SR and sinus brady

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5
Q

Treadmill test with sick sinus will show:

A

sinus rate will NOT increase w/ exercise

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6
Q

Difference between sick sinus and sinus arrythmia:

A

sinus arrhythmia does not have long pauses like sick sinus

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7
Q

sinus arrhythmia often has cyclical variation a/w:

A

respiration

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8
Q

EKG findings with premature atrial contractions (PACs)

A

wonky P waves (tall/skinny/variable)

pause after T wave (SA node reset)

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9
Q

EKG findings of A fib

A

fibrillation
no P waves (loss of atrial kick)
irregularly irregular rhythm

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10
Q

Clinical advise for pts with PACs

A

avoid caffeine/stimulants

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11
Q

types of Afib:

A

paroxysmal: <7days
persistent: >7days
permanent: >1 year

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12
Q

causes of A fib:

A 
HTN
idiopathic
valvular heart dz
thyroid dysfunction
heart surgery
heart failure
obstructive sleep apnea
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13
Q

Tx for Afib if unstable:

A

cardioversion synchronous biphasic shock

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14
Q

Tx for Afib if stable: 2 goals

A

anticoagulation: protect against stroke, CHADS2VASC >2, NOAC or coumadin (INR2-3)

rate/rhythm control: rate 1st, then consider anti-arrythmic drug or procedure to achieve sinus rhythm

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15
Q

CHADS2VASC variables:

A 
CHF
HTN
Age (>65,>75)
diabetes
female sex
stroke/TIA/embolism
vascular hx
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16
Q

anatomical region of heart a/w Afib:

A

posterior left atrium
near pulmonary veins
left atrial appendage

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17
Q

Atrial flutter rate

A

atria: 300-320
ventricular: 150-100
(2: 1 or 3:1)

18
Q

HR difference between A fib and A flutter:

A

Afib: bounces around (62-97-110-83)
Aflutter: stuck at 150

19
Q

A flutter is what type of pathway?

A

MACRO re-entrant pathway

20
Q

EKG findings w/ A flutter:

A

saw tooth waves

21
Q

anatomical region of heart a/w A flutter:

A

tricuspid annulus

near IVC

22
Q

first line treatment for stable A flutter

A

radiofrequency ablation (higher success than Afib, disrupt the electrical circuit)

23
Q

duration of paroxysmal SVT

A

abrupt onset/offset

24
Q

sxs of paroxysmal SVT:

A

lightheadedness, palpitations, chest pain, anxiety, sweating, SOB (mostly symptomatic)

25
Q

triggers of paroxysmal SVT:

A 
idiopathic
anxiety
stimulants 
overactive thyroid
onset of menstruation
26
Q

EKG findings of SVT:

A

narrow complex tachycardia
no p waves (1:1 Q and T waves)
regular rhythm
HR 160-200

27
Q

Tx for stable SVT:

A

valsalva maneuver
place face in cold water
carotid sinus massage

28
Q

Tx for unstable SVT:

A

adenosine or verapamil

electrical (DC) cardioversion

29
Q

long term treatment of SVT:

A

BB

radiofrequency ablation

30
Q

Macro re-entrant pathways:

A

a flutter

AVRT

31
Q

Micro re-entrant pathways:

A

AVNRT

32
Q

EKG findings AVNRT:

A

p wave hidden in QRS

1:1 ratio atrial and ventricular contraction

33
Q

Wolf Parkinson White is a type of:

A

AVRT

34
Q

EKG findings WPW

A

delta wave (slurred upstroke with wide QRS) “pre-excitation”

35
Q

MOA atrial tachycardia:

A

focal source of tachycardia outside of SA node

NOT re-entrant circuit

36
Q

EKG findings Multifocal atrial tachycardia:

A

at least 3 p wave morphologies
rate 100-180
irregular

37
Q

causes of MAT

A

COPD, hypoxia, pulm HTN

38
Q

Tx MAT

A

supplement O2

tx underlying condition

39
Q

Difference between MAT and wandering atrial pacemaker:

A

wandering HR<100

MAT HR >100

40
Q

Difference between atrial and sinus tachycardia:

A

atrial tachycardia does NOT resolve at rest (sinus does)

41
Q

EKG findings for junctional/nodal rhythms

A

can be brady or tachy
absence of P wave or retrograde Ps
QRS nl
short PR interval

EKG (3 decks)

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