EKG Basics Flashcards

1
Q

Normal orientation for P waves in all leads

A
I - positive
II - positive
III - biphasic (negative ok)
aVR - negative
aVL - positive
aVF - positive
V1 - biphasic
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2
Q

In which leads are the P waves normally most positive and most negative?

A

most positive in II

most negative in aVR

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3
Q

Normal amplitude of a P wave

A

not exceeding 0.25mV (2.5 small squares)

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4
Q

Anterior leads

A

V2, V3, V4

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5
Q

Left Lateral Leads

A

I, aVL, V5, V6

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6
Q

Inferior leads

A

II, III, aVF

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7
Q

Right Ventricular leads

A

aVR, V1

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8
Q

What does the PR interval represent?

A

start of atrial depolarization to the start of ventricular depolarization

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9
Q

Length of normal PR interval

A

0.12 to ).20 sec (3 to 5 small squares)

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10
Q

What does the PR segment represent?

A

time from the end of atrial depolarization to the beginning of ventricular depolarization

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11
Q

See Q wave in which leads?

A

I, aVL, V5, V6, (ie left lateral leads) sometimes inferior leads and V3 and V4

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12
Q

What does a Q wave represent?

A

septal depolarization

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13
Q

Normal Q wave amplitude?

A

not greater than 0.1mV (1 small square)

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14
Q

In what leads are R waves (positive deflections) seen in the QRS complex?

A

I, II, III, aVL, aVF, V5, V6

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15
Q

In what leads are S waves (negative deflections) seen in the QRS complex?

A

aVR, V1

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16
Q

In what leads is the QRS complex usually biphasic?

A

V3, V4 (usually one or the other)

17
Q

Normal duration of QRS complex?

A

0.06 to 0.1 sec (1.5-2.5 small squares)

18
Q

What does ST segment represent?

A

time from the end of ventricular depolarization to the start of ventricular repolarization

19
Q

What does the QRS interval represent?

A

QRS complex

20
Q

What does the T wave represent

A

ventricular repolarization

21
Q

Amplitude of a normal T wave

A

1/3 to 2/3 the amplitude of the accompanying R wave

22
Q

How do you know if a T wave should be positive or negative?

A

T waves follow the direction of an R wave (ie if R wave present, T should be positive) or S wave (if no R, then S wave will be negative deflection in QRS, so negative T)

23
Q

What does the QT interval represent?

A

time from the beginning of ventricular depolarization to the end of ventricular repolarization

24
Q

Should the T wave be longer or narrower than the QRS complex?

A

longer

25
Q

Progression of current

A

SA -> AV -> (slight delay) -> Bundle of His -> RBB/LBB -> Prukinje fibers

26
Q

small squares

A

0.04 sec or 0.1 mV

27
Q

large squares

A

0.2 sec or 0.5 mV