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EKG > EKG > Flashcards

EKG Flashcards

1
Q

Normal heart rate

A

60- 100 bpm

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2
Q

Angles of Lead 1

A

0 and 180

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3
Q

Angles of Lead 2

A

60 and -120

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4
Q

Angles of Lead 3

A

120 and -60

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5
Q

Angles of aVR

A

30 and -150

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6
Q

Angles of aVF

A

90 and -90

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7
Q

Angles of aVL

A

150 and -30

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8
Q

View Left side of heart

A

1 and AVL

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9
Q

V3 and V4 view

A

septum

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10
Q

2, 3 and AVF view

A

bottom of heart

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11
Q

View right side of heart?

A

V1 an V2

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12
Q

View left ventricle?

A

V5 and V6

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13
Q

J point?

A

point where heart returns to baseline

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14
Q

When repolarization and depolarization are opposite by nature. When repolarization from apex to base, vs. base to apex, reverses negative back to positive

A

reasons the T wave is POSITIVE It would be NEGATIVE if one of those was “opposite”

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15
Q

EKG Interval Small Square

A

40 ms or 0.04s

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16
Q

Large Square

A

200 ms or 0.20s

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17
Q

Normal EKG PR interval

A

0.12 - 0.2 s

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18
Q

Normal EKG QRS interval

A
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19
Q

Normal EKG P- wave upright in leads:

A

1, 2, and V2-V6

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20
Q

Normal EKG T wave upright

A

1, 2, and V3-6 (inverted in aVR) variable in the other leads

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21
Q

Small Q wave in leads

A

1 and aVL

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22
Q

Deep Q wave in leads

A

aVR and sometimes in 3, V1 and V2

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23
Q

Rate pattern:

A

300 150 100 75 60 50

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24
Q

Rate calculation for bradycardia

A

How many beats in 6 seconds x 10 also use this method for irregular rate

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25
Q

P before each QRS, QRS after each P PR interval, QRS interval QRS axis w/in normal rage or outside?

A

Rhythm checkpoints

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26
Q

When the SA node fails the ______ ______ comes from the :

A

Escape Beat– Atria (60-100 bpm) Junctional (40-60 bpm) Ventricular (20-40 bpm)

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27
Q

Wandering Pacemaker

A

irregular from SA node to atrial foci so the p wave will vary rate

28
Q

When repolarization and depolarization are opposite by nature. When repolarization from apex to base, vs. base to apex, reverses negative back to positive

A

reasons the T wave is POSITIVE It would be NEGATIVE if one of those was “opposite”

29
Q

Normal EKG PR interval

A

0.12 - 0.2 s

30
Q

Normal EKG QRS interval

A

< 120 ms

31
Q

Normal EKG P- wave upright in leads:

A

1, 2, and V2-V6

32
Q

Normal EKG T wave upright

A

1, 2, and V3-6 (inverted in aVR) variable in the other leads

33
Q

Rate pattern:

A

300 150 100 75 60 50

34
Q

P before each QRS, QRS after each P PR interval, QRS interval QRS axis w/in normal rage or outside?

A

Rhythm checkpoints

35
Q

When the SA node fails the ______ ______ comes from the :

A

Escape Beat– Atria (60-100 bpm) Junctional (40-60 bpm) Ventricular (20-40 bpm)

36
Q

Wandering Pacemaker

A

irregular from SA node to atrial foci so the p wave will vary rate

<100 bpm

37
Q

Multifocal Atrial Tachycardia

A

rate > 100 bpm

p wave shape changes as pacemaker location moves from SA to atria

38
Q

Atrial Flutter

A

“saw tooth”“fluter” waves

many atrial depolarizations before one reaches the ventricle because of the pause at the AV node

250-350 bpm

39
Q

Ventricle Flutter

A

smooth sine waves from a single ventricle foci

40
Q

syncope and cardiac arrest common

ECG shows incomplete right bundle brance block and ST-segment elevations V1-V3

A

Brugada Syndrome

41
Q

PR interval

> 0.20 s in:

A

Big in focal fibrosis

digitalis

ischemic heart dz

rheumatic heart dz

hyperkalemia

42
Q

When is QRS >= 0.12s

A

Bundle branch blocks

intraventricular conduction delay

left ventricular hypertrophy

hyperkalemia

procainamide, quinidine

wolf-parkinson-white

43
Q

Long QT interval during/with

A

cardiac depressants (quinidine)

Tricyclic antidepressants

ischemic heart dz

hypokalemia, hypocalcemia, alkalosis

bundle branch block

stroke, coma

ventricular hypertrophy

44
Q

Normal QT length is:

Short QT in:

A

1/2 the R-R interval

Hypercalcemia, Digitalis

45
Q

SA node Block- misses ___ or more cycles.
Always find an absent __ wave

A

one more more are missed

Pwave

you may find an escape beat- a beat off the rythm, a P wave and P’ wave. then the SA node goes back to normal

46
Q

AV block

2 Block -wenckebach characteristic

A

the PR interval is gradually lengthening in successive cycles until there is no QRS response

47
Q

AV block

2 Block- Mobitz

A

multiple P waves before a QRS gets through

2: 1
3: 1

or more

pt will have a very slow ventricle rate- could pass out

warning! mobitz never has a P’ wave

48
Q

3rd AV block has:

A

P waves and slow QRS

not a QRS for every P

count the QRS beats to see if the pace if from the AV junction or the ventricles firing (40-60 or 20-40) also on a ventricular focus you see large PVC like depolarizations

49
Q

In a RBBB: Fast? Slow?

A

The left ventricles are fast and the right ventricles are slow.

On EKG the Left is short and sweet and the right is large and drawn out, the QRS has two upward deflections reflecting this in V1.

50
Q

LBBB EKG

A

Slow on the left and fast on the right

there is a wide QRS with a negative deflection in V1.

(Rememeber this is ALWAYS an MI until you r/o the MI, bc the infarction is undetectable on EKG)

51
Q

BBB the QRS is

A

WIDE! > 0.12mm

52
Q

If there’s a Right bundle branch you see _____ _____ in leads:

A

Rabbit Ears

V1 and V2

then it is a Right BBB

53
Q

If there is a LBBB it looks like _____ _ _ _ _____ with a sweeping upward motion, its in the left chest leads:

A

V5 and V6

then its a Left BBB

54
Q

In a RBBB and LBBB the QRS is

A

>120 ms

55
Q

Axis shifts LEFT

Q1S3

A

Anterior hemiblock

56
Q

Axis shifts RIGHT

S1Q3

A

Posterior Hemiblock

57
Q

Two thumbs up is a ____ ____ in leads:

A

Normal Axis

leads I and AVF

58
Q

RAD

Leads:

A

I is downward

AVF is upward

59
Q

LAD

Leads:

A

I is upward

AVF is downward

60
Q

Extreme RAD is

A

two thumbs down

61
Q

What is the normal axis range

A

-30 to roughly + 100

62
Q

LAD can be from what pathologies?

A

Left Ventricular Hypertrophy

Left Anterior Fascicular Block

LBBB

63
Q

Right Axis Deviation is from what pathologies

A

MI

RVH

RBBB

Left posterior fascicular block

COPD

PE

64
Q

What is R wave progression?

A

In leads V1 and V2 it is a negative wave (right vent)

The transitional waves are usually V3 and V4 (sepum)

Then leads V5 and V6 typically have positive R waves (left vent)

65
Q

What leads to see the inferior wall?

Lateral Wall?

A

II, III, AVF

I, AVL, V5-V6

EKG (2 decks)

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