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EKG Flashcards

1
Q

Normal heart rate

A

60- 100 bpm

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2
Q

Angles of Lead 1

A

0 and 180

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3
Q

Angles of Lead 2

A

60 and -120

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4
Q

Angles of Lead 3

A

120 and -60

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5
Q

Angles of aVR

A

30 and -150

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6
Q

Angles of aVF

A

90 and -90

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7
Q

Angles of aVL

A

150 and -30

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8
Q

View Left side of heart

A

1 and AVL

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9
Q

V3 and V4 view

A

septum

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10
Q

2, 3 and AVF view

A

bottom of heart

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11
Q

View right side of heart?

A

V1 an V2

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12
Q

View left ventricle?

A

V5 and V6

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13
Q

J point?

A

point where heart returns to baseline

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14
Q

When repolarization and depolarization are opposite by nature. When repolarization from apex to base, vs. base to apex, reverses negative back to positive

A

reasons the T wave is POSITIVE It would be NEGATIVE if one of those was “opposite”

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15
Q

EKG Interval Small Square

A

40 ms or 0.04s

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16
Q

Large Square

A

200 ms or 0.20s

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17
Q

Normal EKG PR interval

A

0.12 - 0.2 s

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18
Q

Normal EKG QRS interval

A
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19
Q

Normal EKG P- wave upright in leads:

A

1, 2, and V2-V6

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20
Q

Normal EKG T wave upright

A

1, 2, and V3-6 (inverted in aVR) variable in the other leads

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21
Q

Small Q wave in leads

A

1 and aVL

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22
Q

Deep Q wave in leads

A

aVR and sometimes in 3, V1 and V2

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23
Q

Rate pattern:

A

300 150 100 75 60 50

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24
Q

Rate calculation for bradycardia

A

How many beats in 6 seconds x 10 also use this method for irregular rate

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25
P before each QRS, QRS after each P PR interval, QRS interval QRS axis w/in normal rage or outside?
Rhythm checkpoints
26
When the SA node fails the ______ \_\_\_\_\_\_ comes from the :
Escape Beat-- Atria (60-100 bpm) Junctional (40-60 bpm) Ventricular (20-40 bpm)
27
Wandering Pacemaker
irregular from SA node to atrial foci so the p wave will vary rate
28
When repolarization and depolarization are opposite by nature. When repolarization from apex to base, vs. base to apex, reverses negative back to positive
reasons the T wave is POSITIVE It would be NEGATIVE if one of those was "opposite"
29
Normal EKG PR interval
0.12 - 0.2 s
30
Normal EKG QRS interval
\< 120 ms
31
Normal EKG P- wave upright in leads:
1, 2, and V2-V6
32
Normal EKG T wave upright
1, 2, and V3-6 (inverted in aVR) variable in the other leads
33
Rate pattern:
300 150 100 75 60 50
34
P before each QRS, QRS after each P PR interval, QRS interval QRS axis w/in normal rage or outside?
Rhythm checkpoints
35
When the SA node fails the ______ \_\_\_\_\_\_ comes from the :
Escape Beat-- Atria (60-100 bpm) Junctional (40-60 bpm) Ventricular (20-40 bpm)
36
Wandering Pacemaker
irregular from SA node to atrial foci so the p wave will vary rate \<100 bpm
37
Multifocal Atrial Tachycardia
rate \> 100 bpm p wave shape changes as pacemaker location moves from SA to atria
38
Atrial Flutter
"saw tooth""fluter" waves many atrial depolarizations before one reaches the ventricle because of the pause at the AV node 250-350 bpm
39
Ventricle Flutter
smooth sine waves from a single ventricle foci
40
syncope and cardiac arrest common ECG shows incomplete right bundle brance block and ST-segment elevations V1-V3
Brugada Syndrome
41
PR interval \> 0.20 s in:
Big in focal fibrosis digitalis ischemic heart dz rheumatic heart dz hyperkalemia
42
When is QRS \>= 0.12s
Bundle branch blocks intraventricular conduction delay left ventricular hypertrophy hyperkalemia procainamide, quinidine wolf-parkinson-white
43
Long QT interval during/with
cardiac depressants (quinidine) Tricyclic antidepressants ischemic heart dz hypokalemia, hypocalcemia, alkalosis bundle branch block stroke, coma ventricular hypertrophy
44
Normal QT length is: Short QT in:
1/2 the R-R interval Hypercalcemia, Digitalis
45
SA node Block- misses ___ or more cycles. Always find an absent __ wave
one more more are missed Pwave you may find an escape beat- a beat off the rythm, a P wave and P' wave. then the SA node goes back to normal
46
AV block 2 Block -wenckebach characteristic
the PR interval is gradually lengthening in successive cycles until there is no QRS response
47
AV block 2 Block- Mobitz
multiple P waves before a QRS gets through 2: 1 3: 1 or more pt will have a very slow ventricle rate- could pass out warning! mobitz never has a P' wave
48
3rd AV block has:
P waves and slow QRS not a QRS for every P count the QRS beats to see if the pace if from the AV junction or the ventricles firing (40-60 or 20-40) also on a ventricular focus you see large PVC like depolarizations
49
In a RBBB: Fast? Slow?
The left ventricles are fast and the right ventricles are slow. On EKG the Left is short and sweet and the right is large and drawn out, the QRS has two upward deflections reflecting this in V1.
50
LBBB EKG
Slow on the left and fast on the right there is a wide QRS with a negative deflection in V1. (Rememeber this is ALWAYS an MI until you r/o the MI, bc the infarction is undetectable on EKG)
51
BBB the QRS is
WIDE! \> 0.12mm
52
If there's a Right bundle branch you see _____ \_\_\_\_\_ in leads:
Rabbit Ears V1 and V2 then it is a Right BBB
53
If there is a LBBB it looks like _____ \_ _ \_ _____ with a sweeping upward motion, its in the left chest leads:
V5 and V6 then its a Left BBB
54
In a RBBB and LBBB the QRS is
\>120 ms
55
Axis shifts LEFT Q1S3
Anterior hemiblock
56
Axis shifts RIGHT S1Q3
Posterior Hemiblock
57
Two thumbs up is a ____ \_\_\_\_ in leads:
Normal Axis leads I and AVF
58
RAD Leads:
I is downward AVF is upward
59
LAD Leads:
I is upward AVF is downward
60
Extreme RAD is
two thumbs down
61
What is the normal axis range
-30 to roughly + 100
62
LAD can be from what pathologies?
Left Ventricular Hypertrophy Left Anterior Fascicular Block LBBB
63
Right Axis Deviation is from what pathologies
MI RVH RBBB Left posterior fascicular block COPD PE
64
What is R wave progression?
In leads V1 and V2 it is a negative wave (right vent) The transitional waves are usually V3 and V4 (sepum) Then leads V5 and V6 typically have positive R waves (left vent)
65
What leads to see the inferior wall? Lateral Wall?
II, III, AVF I, AVL, V5-V6

EKG (2 decks)

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