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Body Systems > EKG > Flashcards

EKG Flashcards

1
Q

phase 0 of the cardiac action potential cycle

A

depolarization and rapid entry of NA

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2
Q

phase 1 of the cardiac action potential cycle

A

early depolarization due to the entry of K

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3
Q

phase 2 of the cardiac action potential cycle

A

plateau continues with slower entry of Ca

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4
Q

phase 3 of the cardiac action potential cycle

A

repolarization: K+ moves out of the cell

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5
Q

phase 4 of the cardiac action potential cycle

A

resting

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6
Q

what is a normal P-R interval

A

0.12 - 0.20 secs (3-5 small boxes)

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7
Q

what is normal QRS interval

A

0.06-0.10 secs (1.5-3 small boxes)

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8
Q

Assessment of the cardiac cycle

A

1) P wave: before QRS and Upright
2) P-R interval: 0.12-0.20 seconds (3-5)
3) QRS interval: symmetrical?
4) QRS time: 0.06-0.01 secs? (1.5-3)
5) T wave: is it there? upright and normal
6) R-R is it regular
7) HR is it regular
8) pt S/S

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9
Q

Causes of PAC premature atrial contraction

A
  • idiopathic
  • sign of CVD
  • HTN
  • pregnancy
  • COPD
  • hyperthyroid disease
  • stress or extreme fatigue
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10
Q

what to do if you see a PAC

A

continue with treatment. document. decrease activity if it continues to occur.

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11
Q

causes of atrial tachycardia (SVT)

A
  • HTN or cardiomyopathy
  • previous MI
  • Alcohol or stimulus drugs
  • irritable focus
  • idiopathic
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12
Q

what to do if you see atrial tachycardia (SVT)

A

decrease intensity, monitor vitals

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13
Q

Atrial fibrillation (A-fib)

A

electric signals traveling too fast that it makes the atria quiver and not be able to squeeze strongly. Irregular rhythm and decrease in atrial kick

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14
Q

Atrial Flutter

A

sawtooth like regular rhythm
electrical impulses travel in a circle instead of a straight line

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15
Q

causes of A-fib and A-flutter

A
  • age or genetics
  • Heart disease or underlying heart disease
  • increased alcohol consumption
  • endocrine, neurologic or hemodynamic disorders
  • sleep apnea
  • inflammation
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16
Q

symptoms of A-fib and A-flutter

A
  • tachycardia
  • SOB
  • dizziness
  • decrease ex tolerance
  • chest pain
  • night sweats or palpitations.
17
Q

what to do if a pt is A-fib or A-flutter

A

If new onset: STOP call team and monitor pt

18
Q

premature ventricular complex (PVCs)

A
  • the sinus node is not reset and continues to depolarize on time through PVCs
  • Can be uni or multifolcaled
  • Runs of threes leave them be
  • characterized by a long and widened QRS interval
19
Q

Causes of PVCs

A
  • caffeine intake
  • electrolyte imbalances
  • hyperthyroidism
  • cardiac problems
  • anemia
  • idiopathic
20
Q

symptoms of PVCs

A
  • often asymptomatic or benign palpitation
  • lightheadheadness, chest pain, or discomfort, dyspnea and anxiety
  • rarely syncope
21
Q

Ventricular Tachycardia (V-tach)

A

bizarre widened QRS complexed, no P waves and HR over 100 with regular rhythm

22
Q

Causes Ventricular Tachycardia (V-tach)

A
  • increase ventricular rate leads to a low CO and low systemic hypofusion
  • life threatening if sustained more then 30 secs.
  • ischemia or MI scaring, acute coronary syndrome
23
Q

symptoms of V-tach

A
  • syncope
  • SOB
  • Cardiac arrest or sudden cardiac death
24
Q

what to do in a V tach

A

STOP call rapid responce team or code

25
Q

Ventricular fibrillation (v-fib)

A

loss of electrical organization leading to irregular firing- widened QRS interval

26
Q

causes of ventricular fibrillation (V-fib)

A
  • MI
  • electrolyte imbalances, especially hypokalemia
27
Q

symptoms of v-fib

A
  • syncope or near syncope
  • SOB
  • cardiac arrest
28
Q

poem for a heart block

A

If R is far from P you have a first degree, Longer, longer, longer you have a winkebach, if some of the Ps don’t get through you have a Mobitz 2. If ps and Qs don’t agree you have a 3rd degree

29
Q

1st degree AV block

A

widened P-R interval
consistant rhythm

30
Q

2nd degree AV block type 1 - Winklbach

A

P-R interval constantly getting wider then a drop of the QRS interval - constantly off

31
Q

2nd degree AV block type 2

A

P-R intervals constantly wide with a drop on the QRS interval - random and not constant

32
Q

3rd degree AV block

A

widened P-R interval and widened QRS with random QRS drops.

33
Q

causes of AV block

A
  • CAD
  • cardiomyopathy
  • autoimmune disorders
  • inflections, cancers, inflammation
  • congenital
  • hyperkalemia

Body Systems (4 decks)

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