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sr year > ekg > Flashcards

ekg Flashcards

1
Q

unipolar or bipolar? & electrodes needed
LEAD I

A

bipolar, RA & LA

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2
Q

unipolar or bipolar? & electrodes needed
LEAD II

A

bipolar; RA & LL

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3
Q

unipolar or bipolar? & electrodes needed
LEAD III

A

bipolar; LL & LA

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4
Q

unipolar or bipolar? & electrodes needed
aVL

A

unipolar; LA

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5
Q

unipolar or bipolar? & electrodes needed
aVF

A

unipolar; LL/LF

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6
Q

unipolar or bipolar? & electrodes needed
aVR

A

unipolar; RA

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7
Q

unipolar or bipolar? & electrodes needed
V1

A

uni; V1

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8
Q

unipolar or bipolar? & electrodes needed
V2

A

uni; V2

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9
Q

unipolar or bipolar? & electrodes needed
V3

A

uni; V3

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10
Q

unipolar or bipolar? & electrodes needed
V4

A

uni; V4

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11
Q

unipolar or bipolar? & electrodes needed
V5

A

uni; V5

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12
Q

unipolar or bipolar? & electrodes needed
V6

A

uni; V6

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13
Q

P wave

A

atrial contraction & atrial depolarization

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14
Q

R wave

A

ventricular depolarization
ventricular contraction

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15
Q

T wave

A

ventricular repolarization
ventricular relax/recharge

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16
Q

electrodes needed for 3 lead ECG

A

LL, LA, RA

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17
Q

“_______” refers to a conductive pad which is attached to the skin and enables recording of electrical current

A

electrodes

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18
Q

“______” refers to a graphical description of the electrical activity of the heart and it is created by analyzing several electrodes

A

leads

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19
Q

ICS

A

intercostal space

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20
Q

_____ - greater voltage, to become larger

A

augmented

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21
Q

sternal angle

A

Angle of Lewis

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22
Q

______ - imaginary line running between axilla to hip

A

midaxillary

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23
Q

precordial -

A

anterior to the heart

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24
Q

augmented voltage

A

aV

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25
Q

electrodes needed for a standard 12 lead ECG

A

RA, LA , LL, V1, V2, V3, V4, V5, V6, LF

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26
Q

leads recorded for a standard 12 lead ECG

A

I, II, III, aVF, aVL, aVR, V1, V2, V3, V4, V5, V6,

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27
Q

standard limb leads electrode placement
-> Place the electrodes on ___,___, ____, ____
->Arms - ____________ OR __________
-> Legs - _____________ OR ____________

A

RL, RA, LL, LA
below clavicles OR fatty part of arms
anterior iliac crest OR inner shin

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28
Q

______ leads - electrode placement

A

unipolar

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29
Q

explain Einthoven’s triangle in your own words

A

imaginary right triangle between leads I, II, III, over the heart

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30
Q

when performing a 3 lead ECG, what electrodes are being used?

A

LL, LA, RA

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31
Q

using the electrodes from a 3 lead ECG, what leads could you read?

A

aVF, aVL, aVR, Lead I, II, III

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32
Q

When performing a 5 lead ECG, what electrodes are being used?

A

RA, LA, RL, LL, V1

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33
Q

What might happen if: the precordial electrodes were all placed 1 ICS lower than would be expected?

A

the EKG will be mostly focus on the ventricles meaning, it would come from the ventricles nothing from the atriums

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34
Q

what might happen if: the wires for the limb leads were placed incorrectly, with the red wire being attached to the LA and the black wire being attached to the LL. How will this affect your EKG?

A

Lead I would be in a different location because LL and LA are in the incorrect places

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35
Q

what might happen if: during the EKG, the wire attached to the RA becomes unattached, what leads will not be able to read?

A

Lead I and II because they are both bipolar and need RA

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36
Q

what might happen if: during the EKG, the wire attached to V1 becomes unattached, what leads will not be able to read?

A

V1 won’t be able to read because it’s unipolar and it’s the only one

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37
Q

What might happen if: you accidentally place the LA electrode on the deltoid, and the RA electrode directly underneath the clavicle. What lead might this affect and why?

A

Lead I and II, aVL because they all need LA to be placed correctly to be read

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38
Q

why is it important to use the same location for both arms or both legs

A

because PQRST will be read differently/changed. the triangle changes

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39
Q

3 principles all EKG machines use

A

standardization, sensitivity, speed

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40
Q

Standardization setting, when it comes to EKG machines

A

1mV = 10mm

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41
Q

Sensitivity setting, when it comes to EKG machines

A

should start at 1

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42
Q

Speed settings, when it comes to EKG machines

A

25mm/sec

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43
Q

ICS

A

Intercostal spaces

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44
Q

Augmented

A

to become larger, greater voltage

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45
Q

sternal angle

A

Ridge between manubrium and body at second rib

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46
Q

Angle of Lewis, manubriosternal junction

A

A.K.A. sternal angle

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47
Q

midaxillary

A

imaginary line running on the side of the body from axilla to hip

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48
Q

bi-polar

A

monitor the input from 2 electrodes

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49
Q

precordial

A

pertaining to the are of the chest wall over the heart

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50
Q

aV

A

augmented voltage

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51
Q

electrode

A

conductive pad which is attached to the skin and enables recording of electrical current

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52
Q

leads

A

graphical description of the electrical activity of the heart and is created by analyzing several electrodes

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53
Q

EKG description using the terms “leads” and “electrodes”

A

a standard 12-lead EKG consists of 2 sets of EKG leads- the limb leads and precordial leads- providing 12 leads total, and is obtained using 10 electrodes

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54
Q

Limb Leads Arms- electrode placement

A

fleshy part of the upper arms OR directly under each clavicle

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55
Q

Limb Leads Legs- electrode placement

A

inner, lower calves, OR mid-clavicular line, upper quadrants (waist)

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56
Q

Description of V1 lead electrode placement

A

4th ICS, Right of sternum

57
Q

Description of V2 lead electrode placement

A

4th ICS, Left of sternum

58
Q

Description of V3 lead electrode placement

A

midway between V2 and V4

59
Q

Description of V4 lead electrode placement

A

5th ICS, mid-clavicular line

60
Q

Description of V5 lead electrode placement

A

horizontal to V4, slightly anterior to midaxillary line

61
Q

Description of V6 lead electrode placement

A

horizontal to V4, on the midaxillary line

62
Q

electrodes needed for a 12-lead EKG

A

RA, LA, LL, RL, V1, V2, V3, V4, V5, V6

63
Q

red wire

A

left leg

64
Q

black wire

A

left arm

65
Q

white wire

A

right arm

66
Q

green wire

A

right leg

67
Q

brown wire

A

V1

68
Q

smoke over fire

A

black over red

69
Q

snow over grass

A

white over green

70
Q

white on the right

A

white on Right Arm

71
Q

We “heart” chocolate

A

brown in the middle, V1

72
Q

The Cardiac Cycle

A

the contraction and relaxation of both the atria and ventricles

73
Q

polarization

A

when the muscle cells are at rest

74
Q

depolarization

A

when the muscle cells are stimulated to contract

75
Q

repolarization

A

when the cells are returning to their resting state/ recharging

76
Q

contraction is physical and means the same as. . .

A

depolarization, which is electrical

77
Q

recharging is physical and means the same as. . .

A

repolarization, which is electrical

78
Q

Atrial depolarization- electrical

A

When the S.A. node fires

79
Q

Atrial depolarization- physical

A

atrial contraction

80
Q

atrial repolarization- electrical

A

impulse is traveling to AV node, where it is slightly delayed

81
Q

atria repolarization- physical

A

atria rest and recover/ relaxation

82
Q

ventricular depolarization- electrical

A

impulse travels through Bundle of His, L and R bundles, Purkinje fibers

83
Q

ventricular depolarization- physical

A

ventricular contraction

84
Q

ventricular repolarization- physical

A

ventricular rest and recover/ relaxation

85
Q

baseline

A

normal EKG reading when there is no energy or electrical activity

86
Q

deflection or wave

A

EKG movement away from baseline

87
Q

P, Q, R, S, T

A

how the deflections or waves of an EKG are labeled

88
Q

P wave (in electrical terms)

A

atrial depolarization- PQRST

89
Q

QRS wave (or QRS complex)- (in electrical terms)

A

ventricular depolarization- PQRST

90
Q

T wave (in electrical terms)

A

ventricular repolarization- PQRST

91
Q

P wave (in physical terms)

A

atrial contraction- PQRST

92
Q

QRS wave (or QRS complex) (in physical terms)

A

ventricular contraction- PQRST

93
Q

T wave (in physical terms)

A

ventricular relaxation- PQRST

94
Q

pericardium location

A

outermost layer of the heart

95
Q

myocardium location

A

middle layer of the heart

96
Q

endocardium location

A

innermost layer of the heart

97
Q

pericardium description

A

double-walled sac that encloses the heart

98
Q

myocardium description

A

muscle and fibrous tissue, actual movement of the heart

99
Q

endocardium description

A

lines the heart chambers, creating a smooth surface

100
Q

myocardial septum

A

right and left heart chambers are divided by this

101
Q

one-way valves

A

upper and lower chambers of the heart are divided by these

102
Q

right chambers

A

oxygen poor blood is in these chambers

103
Q

left chambers

A

oxygen rich blood is in these chambers

104
Q

atria

A

upper chambers of the heart

105
Q

atrium receive blood

A

from the body

106
Q

ventricles

A

lower chambers of the heart

107
Q

ventricles send blood

A

out of the heart

108
Q

oxygen rich

A

blood going away from the lungs and away from left ventricle

109
Q

oxygen poor

A

blood going back to right atrium and to the lungs

110
Q

Vena Cava sends blood here

A

right atrium

111
Q

pulmonary vein sends blood here

A

left atrium

112
Q

aorta receives blood from the

A

left ventricle

113
Q

pulmonary artery receives blood from the

A

right ventricle

114
Q

tricuspid valve

A

between right atrium and right ventricle

115
Q

pulmonary valve

A

between right ventricle and pulmonary artery

116
Q

mitral valve (or bicuspid valve)

A

between left atrium and left ventricle

117
Q

aortic valve

A

between left ventricle and aorta

118
Q

Sinoatrial node location

A

the node located in the right atrium

119
Q

Sinoatrial node location

A

the node located in the right atrium

120
Q

A.K.A. The Pacemaker

A

the sinoatrial node

121
Q

Atrioventricular node location

A

the node located between atria and ventricles

122
Q

Bundle of His

A

the electrical component that runs down the septum

123
Q

Right and Left Bundle branches

A

the Bundle of His splits into this, traveling up each side of the heart

124
Q

Purkinje fibers

A

the end of the electrical pathways, small fibers that spread throughout the heart

125
Q

A.K.A. AV bundle

A

A.K.A. Bundle of His

126
Q

The 3 “standard” leads

A

I, II, III

127
Q

The 3 “augmented” leads

A

aVR, aVL, aVF

128
Q

Bi-polar leads

A

Lead I, Lead II, Lead III

129
Q

Unipolar leads

A

V1, V2, V3, V4, V5, V6, aVR, aVF, aVL

130
Q

aVR stands for

A

augmented voltage right arm

131
Q

aVL stands for

A

augmented voltage left arm

132
Q

aVF stands for

A

augmented voltage foot

132
Q

aVF stands for

A

augmented voltage foot

133
Q

Einthoven’s Triangle

A

imaginary triangle formed by the electrodes on the RA, LA, LL

134
Q

Lead I measures

A

difference between LA and RA

135
Q

Lead II measures

A

difference between LL and RA

136
Q

Lead III measures

A

difference between LL and LA

137
Q

Lead II

A

provides a rhythm strip

sr year (1 decks)

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