EK Flashcards
What are the forces acting on an aircraft in flight
Drag Thrust Lift and Weight
What is direct lift control
The elevator, stabilizer provide direct lift control
What are high lift devices
TE Flaps, LE Flaps. Slats
Define the two major types of drag
Profile+Induce drag = Total drag
What are high drag devices
TE flaps, spoilers, LDG, REV, braking parachute
How do you prevent span vise airflow on a wing especially swept wing
Fences, vortex generators
What is the purpose of vortex generators and fences
Reduce spanvise airflow and thereby reduce its effects
What are winglets and how do the work
Winglets are aerodynamically efficent surfaces located at the wing tips
They are designed to reduce INDUCED drag
They DISPENSE the s p a n w i s e airflow from the upper and lower surfaces at different points
How does a forward CG affect the stall speed
A CG forward Center of Pressure will cause a higher stall speed
What advantages does an aircraft gain from a swept wing
High mach cruise speeds
stability in turbulence
Where does a swept wing stall first
A simple swept or tapered wing will stall the the wing tip first
Explain speed stability
It s the beahviour of the speed after a disturbance at a fixed power setting
What is Mach number
Mach number is a true airspeed indication given as percentage relative to the local speed of sound
What is Mach crit
Mcrit is the aircrafts mach speed where the airflow over a wing becomes sonic
What is Mach tuck
It is the nose down pitching moment an aircraft experiences as it passes its critical mach number
What is the purpose of a mach trimmer
A mach trimmer is to compensate automatically for mach tuck above mcrit
What are the effects of compressibility
The effect of air being compressed onto a surface resulting in an increase in density and thus dynamic pressure rises above its expected value
What changes the aircrafts AOA at the stall
The movement of the Center of pressure point at the stall causes a change in the aircrafts angle of attack
What happens to the stall speed at high alt
Mach number compressibility effect on the wing results in a higher EAS actual equivalent airspeed compressibility error on the IAS increases the stall speed
What is a super stall
It is a stall from which the aircraft is unable to recover
What is dutch roll
an oscillatory instability - it is the combination of yawing and rolling motions
What causes a dutch roll
Swept wings
What are the three puposes of spoilers
Roll control, air speed brakes and ground lift dumpers
What are Krueger flaps
Leading edge flaps used to increase the wing chamber
How do flap affect TO run
Higher flap witihn the the TO range will reduce the TO GRD run for a given TO range
What is purpose of yaw and roll dampers
Prevent durch roll and coordinate turns
What are the four reasons for a variable incident tailplane / stabilizer
Provide a balancing for a large CG range cope with large trim changes large speed range reduce elevator trim drag
What is mass balance
Another form of aerodynamic balance control on a control surface
What are active controls
A surface that moves automatically / actively in response to non-direct inputs
What is engine torque
A force causing rotation
What is specific fuel consumption
The quantity of fuel consumed per hour divided by the thrust of engine in pounds
What is purpose of eng relight boundaries
Ensure correct proportion of air is delivered to the eng combustion chamber to restafrtt the eng in flight
Why are bleed valves fitted to gas turbine engines
To provide bleed air for aux sys regulate correct airflow px between eng sections
Is there a criticial eng on jet
no
How does INS IRS find true north
It is aligned to true north by its gyroscopes
Advantage INS
very accurate self contained totally global sys enabling ac to fly great circle tracks
Disadvantage INS
Bounded errors unbounded errors inherent sys errors
What is px alt
ISA height above 1013 pressure datum at which value represents that of the level under consideration
How does temp affect LSS
low temp low LSS
What are the ASI indications for blocked pitot and or static port
it remains a constant value
What is transport wander on an uncorrected gyroscope
it is a form of apparent wander - transport wander + apparent wander = total apparent wander
GPWS inputs
Baro alt for ROD calc, RA, Flap pos, Gear pos - ILS + GS Approach minima TL pos
Tire temp prior to TO depends on what factors
OAT Weight Taxi time amount of braking
Brake to get the hottest
Downwind brake with crosswind
What does a Constant Speed drive do
maintain ac freq output of an alternator constant normally 400hz
TORA
physial lenght of rwy
Screen height for jet
35
Stopway?
lenght of unprepared surface end of rwy capable of supporting ac
VMCG speed?
Min speed on grd for a multi eng ac
What is Va speed
maneuvering speed
VMCA speed?
min speed directional ctrl for multi eng in TO and clb config
V2 speed?
TO safety speed
V3 speed?
all eng to speed which ac achieves at screen height
V4 speed?
all eng TO speed ac will achieve at 400ft
what is MRC
speed for given weight and alt the max fuel mileage is achieved
what is lrc
speed significantly higher than the max range speed
what is pressure gradient force
natural generated force by difference in px across a horizontal distance
what is a through
v shaped extension of a low px sys
what is occluded front
combination oif cold and warm front
what is a microburst
severe downdraft
what is lowest usuable flight level
at least 500ft above the absolute minimum alt
how is rvr reported
3 points toch mid stopend
what does it mean if you have port wind in northern hemisphere
means your are flying toward a low pressure sys resulting in a descending flight path for a consisten alt pressure setting
What is gliding distance for ac at 30000ft
best glide speed ülus rate of descent 30000/1000ft mikn 30min x 5NM/min 150NM
Why does ac descent quicker when it is lighter
aircraft is restricted to a maximum speed during descent
What do you need to see at CAT1 min
vis reference three cons lights ctrline of the approach lights or the touchdown or or or combination of these
Types of aquaplaning?
Dynamic viscous rubber reversion
What do we call the following ac mass plus oil unusuable fuel
basic empty weight
What do we call the position from the datum of measurement to the moment
The arm
What risk does cumuliform clouds create when found in stratus cloud
Embedded thunderstorms
What system controls braking during RTO
Auto brake sys with anti skid protection
For a 2 eng ac what are return airfield requirements
60min se airspeed unless etops approval
TO minima for 2 crew
800m unless company has dispo crew approval
What level windshear
all levels
Where is the FAF point on an ILS
GS intercept / maltese cross is for non prec
Where can you intercept the ILS approach
by min alt & GS intercept unless being radar vectored
What determines your choice of HF
Pos of sun in the sky during the day ionosphere is lower that at night therefore lower freq is req to travel
What does the rudder psi reducer do
take stress of vertical fin
What cloud turbulence
lenticular
What effect do slats have on the angle of attack
it will increase
What is definition of ASDA
TORA + length of Stopway
A sea breeze is
daytime midday when land heats up quicker than sea
What are indications of T-VASI
Cross bar indicates on slope and deviations appear or three lights above or below the cross bar
balabced field length
TODA = ASDA
During what months would you fog in Dubai
winter months Nov - April
Effect of 60deg bank turn have on a stall
stall speed increases by approx 40%
For a given speed how does your rate of descend vary with weight
increase in weight will increase your ROD
Which of TORA ASDA TODA does clearway change
TODA
What is the outbound entry timing in a hold
up to FL140 1min above FL140 1,5min
Why does Airbus have a tail tank
To increase range and provide trim
Which months is the monsoon season in SE Asia
Nov-Feb
What happens to airspeed in climb with blocked pitot
over read
What happens to airspeed in descent with a blocked static port
overread
IF after 120nm you are 4nm off course what heading correction should you use to regain track in 60nm
4nm
What is parasite drag
px and skin friction drag caused by any surface which deflects or interferes with the smooth airflow
Lift by wing varies with angle of attack such that it
produces max lift just before stall angle is reached - when ac wing reaches stall angle the wing stops generating lift
Normal squawks
2000 / 3000
FL140 holding speed
230
For the same eng what is the difference between N1 and thrust when the eng is taken from sea level to a hot / high field
n1 and thrust will increase
For planning normal diversion fuel must be calculated with which speed
LRC
Where avbl using a lower flap setting for take off will
inc MTOW and V1 VR V2 normally 2nd segment is more limiting)
Does a compressor change kinetic energy into pressure energy? If so are the stators divergent or convergent
Yes however an axial flow compressor on a modern turbofan eng uses a series of convergent and divergent ducts
Whilst maintaining a constant attitude what is the effect of flaps and slats on the angle of attack
AOA will DECREASE
What is the effect of eng bleed air for AC and anti ice on TO perf
TO perf is reduced
Besides using the scale where can yopu measure dist on JEP chart
lines of longtitude
why swept wings
high cruise mach low drag
what to see when VASI on glide path
2 white 2 red
a forward or aft CG is more efficient
aft reduces tailplane force which reduces aerodynamic drag
can an increase in clearway increase mtow
yes
Cleatrway will increase / decrease MTWO and increase / decreasde V1?
increase MTOW Decrease V1
If you lenthen clearway what happens to v1
will decrease
Anabatic wind is
blow up steep slop or mountain daytime calm sunny weather
northern hemishere the diurnal variation of wind about 2000 is such that
increasing speed and wind direction will veer
on the indian sub continent the northeasterly monsoon occurs
between June and Sep
A direct entry hold pattern is made from sector
3
When flying NDB using RMI to regain track you
must first fly trhough the needle
a katabatic wind is
a local valley wind that flows down the side of hill
buy ballots law states that
back to the wind in NORTH HEMIS the LOW pres and temp will be on your left
DME range at FL350 is
229nm
centre of lift moves
distribution of pressure and Centre of PX will be further FWD the higher AOA
when the CG is moved aft of the CP
will cause lower stall speed
