EIP Final

Question 1

The percentage of how intelligible someone speech is (0-100%) is which level of measurable?
A) Ordinal
B) Ratio
C) Interval
D) Nominal

Answer 1

B) Ratio

Question 2

A small effect size according to Cohen’s d is:
A) 1.0
B) .80
C) .50
D) .20

Answer 2

D) .20

Question 3

A review article that synthesize results of qualitative studies is an example of a:
A) Meta-analysis
B) Scoping Review
C) Meta-synthesis

Answer 3

C) Meta-Synthesis

Question 4

A review and critical analysis was conducted on Mindfullness-based interventions used to reduce the risk of burnout in healthcare professionals. Articles were selected based on specific criteria that allowed different types of research designs including mixed methods. This is an example of what type of literature review?
A) Systematic Review
B) Meta-analysis
C) Scoping Review

Answer 4

A) Systematic Review

Question 5

Which of the following measures specifics the location of one participant in relationship to a group of participants?
A) Mean
B) Mode
C) Z Scores
D) Validity

Answer 5

C) Z scores

Question 6

An ANOVA is used when comparing more than 2 groups.
A) True
B) False

Answer 6

A) True

Question 7

A study was conducted to measure whether therapy for upper extremity movement for dressing was just as effective if delivered for four weeks versus eight weeks. This study was conducted with two groups of participants randomized to each group. Which type of statistic would be used to analyze this data?
A) Two-way Anova
B) One-way Anova
C) Paired samples t-test
D) Independent samples t-test

Answer 7

D) Independent samples t-test

Question 8

A study was conducted to measure whether therapy for upper extremity movement for dressing was just as effective if delivered for four weeks versus eight weeks. This study was conducted with two groups of participants randomized to each group. The data was analyzed and found that there was a statistically significant (P<.01) difference between the two groups with more improvement in the 8-week group that the 4-week group. What does this statistically significant finding mean?
A) There was 1 in 100 chance that the difference between the groups is due to random chance
B) The 8 week group participants all reported changes in the quality of their lives
C) The 4 week group made no changes
D) Both B and C

Answer 8

A) There was 1 in 100 chance that the difference between the groups is due to random chance

Question 9

A result is called “Statistically significant” whenever:
A) The null hypothesis is true
B) The Cohen’s d is .2
C) The p-value is less or equal to the significance level
D) The p-value is larger than the significance level

Answer 9

C) The p-value is less or equal to the significance level

Question 10

What type of study is the highest level of evidence?
A) Randomized controlled trials (RCTs)
B) Cohort studies
C) Expert opinon
D) Systematic reviews

Answer 10

D) Systematic reviews

Question 11

Parametric test require which type of data?
A) Nominal
B) Interval or ratio

Answer 11

B) Interval or ratio

Question 12

Inferential statistics makes conclusions about the population regarding the sample data.
A) True
B) False

Answer 12

A) True

Question 13

Quantitative studies on the effectiveness of multifactorial interventions in preventing falls among older adults were selected and reviewed using a statistical analysis of results to compare treatments. This is an example of what type of literature review?
A) Narrative Review
B) Systematic Review
C) Meta-analysis

Answer 13

C) Meta-Analysis

Question 14

In quantitative data analysis, practical significance is measured by:
A) ANOVA
B) F ratio
C) Alpha level
D) Cohen’s d

Answer 14

D) Cohen’s d

Question 15

Subject matter experts have been asked to rate the agree of test items with the objectives of the test and what it is supposed to measure. Which type of validity is being gathered?
A) Predictive
B) Content
C) Concurrent
D) Criterion

Answer 15

B) Content

Question 16

Qualitative research uses non-probability sampling methods. In a research study, when subjects are not selected randomly but rather for a specific purpose by the researcher to best meet the needs of the study, this is an example of what type of sampling?
A) Convenience sampling
B) Purposive sampling
C) Voluntary Response Sampling
D) Snowball Sampling

Answer 16

B) Purposive Sampling

Question 17

A researcher is classifying the gender of participants in the study by assigning a 0-male, 1-female, 2 nonbinary. What level of measurement is being used?
A) Nominal
B) Ratio

Answer 17

A) Nominal

Question 18

Degrees of freedom is related to:
A) Significance level sample size
B) Sample size
C) Alpha level
D) Beta level

Answer 18

B) Sample size

Question 19

Research improve external validity by creating strict exclusionary and inclusionary criteria.
A) True
B) False

Answer 19

A) True

Question 20

Statistical power analysis seeks to optimize the size of:
A) Difference
B) Correlation
C) Sample
D) Population

Answer 20

C) Sample

Question 21

Researchers are studying caregivers’ confidence and caring for a person post stroke. They administer a caregivers confidence assessment scale in conjunction with personal interviews to see if the participants view agree with the survey results. This is an example of what type of mixed methods research design?
A) Exploratory Sequential Mixed Methods Design
B) Explanatory Mixed Methods Design
C) Convergent Mixed Methods Design

Answer 21

C) Convergent Mixed Methods Design

Question 22

A review article that describes previous work and gaps on a topic in the literature has one Raider review the articles and lacks detailed methods on how articles were selected for review in an example of a:
A) Narrative Review
B) Systematic Review
C) Meta-Analysis

Answer 22

A) Narrative Review

Question 23

When administering a diagnostic test, a clinician wants to be assured that the test measures what is says it measures. This is known as:
A) Reliability
B) Standardization
C) Validity
D) Chronbach’s alpha

Answer 23

C) Validity

Question 24

Which metric of responsiveness provides a measurement that if exceeded will be perceived by the patient as a beneficial change?
A) Minimal clinically important difference
B) Standard deviation
C) Minimal detectable change
D) Standard error of measurement

Answer 24

A) Minimal clinically important difference

Question 25

The numerical values for small, medium, and large effect size are as follows: A) .2 ; .5 ; .8 B) 10 ; 30 ; 50 C) 1 ; 3 ;5 D) .1 ; .2 ; .3

Answer 25

A) .2 ; .5 ; .8

Question 26

A student researcher wants to design a study to explain her theory of how participating in volunteer work impacts the development of a personal ethical code. The research design that would best allow a theory to be described is called which of the following? A) Ground Theory B) Exploratory

Answer 26

A) Grounded Theory

Question 27

A review was conducted to explore and understand the heath risks and outcomes of homelessness in school aged children. The literature search found limited research of this topic that especially related to developing interprofessional programming for this population. This is an example of what type of literature review? A) Meta-Analysis B) Scoping review C) Systematic review

Answer 27

B) Scoping review

Question 28

Which of the following would NOT be a spurious claim based on pseudoscience? A) Autism is caused by unloving mothers B) Vitamin D3 can cure autism C) Early intervention may improve the prognosis of autism D) Vaccines cause autism

Answer 28

C) Early intervention may improve the prognosis of autism

Question 29

A researcher is measuring pain on a scale from 0-5. This level of measurement is: A) Ordinal B) Interval C) Ratio

Answer 29

A) Ordinal

Question 30

Which of the following are the key components of a Qualitative Narrative Design? (select all that apply) A) Focuses on context or culture B) Focuses on the individual experience and sequence C) Method of data collection: stories from individuals and documents D) Focuses on studying one or two individuals, gathering data through the collection of their stories, reporting individual experiences, and chronologically ordering the meaning of those experiences.

Answer 30

B) Focuses on the individual experience and sequence C) Method of data collection: stories from individuals and documents D) Focuses on studying one or two individuals, gathering data through the collection of their stories, reporting individual experiences, and chronologically ordering the meaning of those experiences.

Question 31

Researches collect qualitative data first to explore a topic and THEN quantitative data is collected to measure variables indicated by the quantitive data. This is an example of: A) Convergent mixed methods design B) Explanatory sequential mixed methods design C) Exploratory sequential mixed methods design

Answer 31

C) Exploratory sequential mixed methods design

Question 32

Nonparametric tests are used with racial data from normally distributed data. A) True B) False

Answer 32

B) False

Question 33

Which of the following alpha levels would make it the most difficult to obtain a significant difference? A) .20 B) .01 C) .03 D) .05

Answer 33

B) .01

Question 34

Member checking, use of rich, thick description to convey meanings, use of peer debriefing, and/or the use of external auditors is a method to check for accuracy of findings in: A) Quantitative methodology B) Replication of studies C) Qualitative methodology D) Methods of generalizing date

Answer 34

C) Qualitative methodology

Question 35

Which most accurately describes a correlational method? A) It aims to determine the probability of a particular future outcome B) It analyses the differences between groups C) It seeks to uncover causal relationships D) It looks at the relationship or association between variables

Answer 35

D) It looks at the relationship or association between variables

Question 36

An exam is given to a class period the scores range from 77-100 with a mean of 88 and a standard deviation of two period what does the standard deviation indicate? A) The scores were widely dispersed from the mean B) The scores were closely dispersed around the mean

Answer 36

B) The scores were closed dispersed around the mean

Question 37

The degree that scores correlate with the scores obtained on a second administration of the instrument to the same participants is: A) Split half reliability B) Test-retest reliability C) Construct validity D) None of the above

Answer 37

B) Test-retest reliability

Question 38

A researcher will use interviews, progress reports, and clinical observations from a client to collect data about their response to inter-professional rehabilitation interventions. The objective is to understand the key factors that lead to successful outcomes for this individual. This is an example of what type of qualitative research design? A) Phenomenology B) Case Study C) Grounded Theory D) Ethnographic

Answer 38

B) Case Study

Question 39

When a researcher becomes immersed in the subject's way of life in order to understand the culture and how their beliefs and attitudes shape behaviors and feelings. This is an example of what type of qualitative research design? A) Ethnographic B) Phenomenology C) Case Study D) Grounded Theory

Answer 39

A) Ethnographic

Question 40

Therapist are given a survey (based on a Likert scale - quantitative data) to gather information about their competency training patients to use assistive technology. Afterwards, the therapist participate in a focus group to get qualititative data to explain what they reported about their competency on the survey period this is an example of what type of mixed methods research design? A) Exploratory sequential mixed methods design B) Explanatory sequential mixed methods design C) Convergent mixed methods design

Answer 40

B) Explanatory sequential mixed methods design

Question 41

It is you duty to be critical of every research study you read? A) True B) False

Answer 41

A) True

Question 42

Critical appraisal is the process of systematically examining research to determine the trustworthiness of the research and whether the results are relevant to the client/patient. A) True B) False

Answer 42

A) True

Question 43

What are the three main components of qualitative analysis? A) Data management, generation of meaning, verification of data B) Coding, verification, credibility C) Data management, coding, themes D) Data management, triangulation, credibility

Answer 43

A) Data management, generation of meaning, verification of data

Question 44

Which of the following qualitative researching designs would you use to answer the question, "what was the impact [if any] of the early Internet service providers on the development of telehealth therapy service? A) Grounded Theory B) Case study C) Phenomenology D) Ethnographic

Answer 44

C) Phenomenology

Question 45

Which of the following is not a component of evidence-based practice? A) Client's values and circumstances B) Research evidence C) Clinical expertise D) Reliability of assessments

Answer 45

D) Reliability of assessments

Question 46

Mixed method methodologies allow researchers a greater range of insights and perspectives and permits triangulation of the confirmation of findings by different methods, which improves the overall quality validity of results. A) True B) False

Answer 46

A) True

Question 47

What is the method of data collection in qualitative research? A) Scoring a standardized test B) Observing mothers and children interacting and transcribing their conversation C) Timing duration of production of /a/ phoneme

Answer 47

B) Observing mothers and children and transcribing their conversation

Question 48

Which research design has high internal validity? A) Survey research B) Experimental research C) Ethnographic research D) Correlational research

Answer 48

B) Experimental research

Question 49

The following is an example of what type of qualitative research design? Abstract Custom, rapid prototype thumb prosthesis for partial-hand amputation: A ________ Abstract Background: Conclusion: A) Phenomenology B) Case study C) Ethnographic D) Grounded Theory

Answer 49

B) Case study

Question 50

A researcher reports a significant result at a p less than .05. What does this mean? A) The one result was statistically significant B) The one result was not statistically significant C) The results have practical significance D) None of the above

Answer 50

A) The one result was statistically significant