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EIGRP Flashcards

1
Q

What is EIGRP(Enhanced Interior Gateway Protocol)?

A

IGP that has distance vector and link state properties.

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2
Q

What are distance vector properties of EIGRP?

A

Initial adjacency sends copy of entire routing table.

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3
Q

What are link state properties of EIGRP?

A
  1. Incremental updates only contain topology changes.

2. Backup routes (feasible successors) pre-calculated.

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4
Q

What is the Hello multicast address?

A

224.0.0.10

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5
Q

What protocol is used to handle the transport of messages between EIGRP-enabled routers? #

A

Reliable Transport Protocol (RTP) 88 uses seq.# & acks.

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6
Q

What does an AS(Autonomous System) identify?

A

Routers that belong to the same group.

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7
Q

Can routers is different AS become neighbors?

A

No.

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8
Q

What does the Route table store?#sh ip route eigrp

A

Only the best routes which are advertised to neighbors.

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9
Q

What does the Topology table store?

A

All valid/loop-free routes learned from neighbors.

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10
Q

What does the Neighbor table store?#sh ip eigrp neighbor

A

Devices running EIGRP that have formed an adjacency.

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11
Q

What is EIGRP Admin Distance?

A

D : 90 = Internal
D EX : 170 = External
5 = Summary

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12
Q

What is the Diffusing Update Algorithm(DUAL) process?

A
  1. Router loses successor.
  2. Paths are removed from Topology table.
  3. If FS exists, that route is
    move to Route table.
  4. No FS = all neighbors queried for alt. route.
  5. No alt. route found = Stuck in Active (SIA).
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13
Q

What is a Passive (P) route?

A

A route that is stable.

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14
Q

What is an Active (A) route?

A

Down querying for alt. path.(QUERY/REPLY)

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15
Q

What is Feasible Distance(FD)?
What is Advertised Distance(AD)?
What is Local Distance(LD)?

A 
FD = YOU to DESTINATION.
AD = NEIGHBOR to DESTINATION.
LD = YOU to NEIGHBOR.
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16
Q

What is Handle (H)? #sh ip eigrp neigh?

A

Order in which adjacency’s were made.

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17
Q

What is Hold (Hold Time)? #sh ip eigrp neigh?

A

Advertised time telling a neighbor to drop adjacency if a HELLO is not received within that time.

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18
Q

What is Uptime(U)? #sh ip eigrp neighbor?

A

Amount of time an adjacency has been up.

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19
Q

What is Short Round Trip Time(SRTT)?
#sh ip eigrp neigh?

A

Average time it takes EIGRP packets to Rx/Tx.

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20
Q

What is Q Count?
#sh ip eigrp neigh?

A

of EIGRP update/reply/query packets in queue.

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21
Q

What is Seq#?
#sh ip eigrp neigh?

A

Sequence # of last EIGRP update/reply/query packet.

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22
Q

What command shows # of H/U/Q/R/A packets Tx/Rx?

A

show ip eigrp traffic.

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23
Q

When a successor is lost anf there is no FS, transmission of which 2 packet types increase?

A

Query and Reply. (DUAL re-convergence)

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24
Q

How does the EIGRP Initial Route Exchange work?

A
  1. Hello is multicast to connected neighbors.
  2. Neighbors unicast route updates.
  3. Neigh.#1 unicasts ack/update.
  4. Neigh.#2 unicasts ack.
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25
Q

What is the HELLO/HOLD for Ethernet links?

A

5/15

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26
Q

Must HELLO/HOLD timer match for adj. to form?

A

No, HELLO/HOLD times = locally significant values advertised to neighbors and not sent along with EIGRP packets.

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27
Q

What command show current HELLO/HOLD timers?

A

show ip eigrp interface detail

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28
Q

What is the HELLO/HOLD for Serial links?

A

60/180

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29
Q

HELLO/HOLD timers get configured on?

A

Individual interfaces

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30
Q

What command changes the HELLO time?

A 
#interface (int.)
#ip hello eigrp (as#) (time in sec.)
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31
Q

What command changes HOLD time?

A 
#interface (int.)
#ip hold eigrp (as#) (time in sec.)
32
Q

Does changing HELLO time dynamically change HOLD time?

33
Q

Flapping Links are caused by?

A

Misconfigured HELLO/HOLD timers.

34
Q

What is Re-transmit Time Out (RTO)?
#sh ip eigrp neigh

A

If this timer expires and an ACK has not been received by a neighbor who sent an update, a unicast update will be sent directly to the neighbor again.

35
Q

How does EIGRP guarantee a loop-free topology?

A
  1. Split Horizon prevents a route from being advertised back through the link it was received on.
  2. Feasibility test will ensure that a FS’s AD is less than the successors FD.
36
Q

What qualifies a route to be a Feasible Successor?

A

If the AD is less than the successors FD.

37
Q

What 2 conditions must be met for a route to become part of unequal cost load-balancing?

A
  1. Pass feasibility test. (AD = less than successor FD)

2. Variance must cover Feasible Successor’s FD.

38
Q

How do you change the AD of an EIGRP route?

A 
Both internal and external AD must be changed at the same time: 
#router eigrp #
#distance eigrp "internal route AD" "external route AD"
39
Q

When changing the AD of an EIGRP route, is the AD learned by neighbors?

A

No, the AD is locally significant.

40
Q

Two types of EIGRP summarization are?

A

Auto = default & Manual.

41
Q

Where routers does auto summarization affect?

A

Routers advertising routes.

42
Q

What are the benefits of auto summarization?

A
  1. Routing tables are smaller.
  2. Routing process is faster.
  3. Load on CPU is lessened.
  4. Specific network #’s are hidden = security
  5. impact of flapping links is lessened.
  6. EIGRP query count is lessened.
43
Q

How do you manually summarize routes?

A
  1. Write each route in binary.
  2. Network = common bits.
  3. Mask = # of common bits set to 1 then converted to binary.
44
Q

Where do manually summarized routes get applied?

A 
The interface advertising the routes.
#interface "interface"
#ip summary-address eigrp "as#" "ip address" "mask"
45
Q

Where can you find the AD of a manually summarized route?

A

On the router advertising the route. (Locally significant)

46
Q

What AD will a manually summarize route show on a neighbor?

A

D 90 = Internal

47
Q 
Where does a summary address get routed?
 #show ip route eigrp?
A

Null0 = Route to nowhere/drop

48
Q

What command shows the AD of 5 for a summary route?

A

sh ip route “network” “mask”

49
Q

When is configuring a stub router a good idea?

A

On Hub-and Spoke

50
Q

Are stub routers queried when a neighbor loses a successor and no feasible successor exists?

A

No. Stub routing limits the scope of query packets.

51
Q

What two types of routes do stub routers advertise to the Hub?

A
  1. Directly connected.

2. Summary.

52
Q

Can two stub routers form an adjacency?

53
Q

What command is used to make a router a stub?

A 
#router eigrp "as#"
#eigrp stub
54
Q

What command is used to stop packets from being sent out of an interface?

A 
#router eigrp "as#"
#passive-interface "interface"
55
Q

What command shows K values?

A

show ip protocols

56
Q

What is K1?

57
Q

What is K2?

58
Q

What is K3?

59
Q

What is K4?

A

Reliability

60
Q

What is K5?

61
Q

What does EIGRP use Weights/K Values for?

A

To determine how much importance to give a particular value when calculating route metrics.

62
Q

What 2 K Values are taken into consideration by default?

A

K1 = Bandwidth & K3 = Delay

63
Q

How do you change K values?

A 
#router eigrp "as#'
#metric weights "TOS = 0" "K1" "K2" "K3" "K4" "K5"
64
Q

Do K values need to match for an adjacency?

65
Q

How to change bandwidth of Serial interfaces?

A 
#int Serial "interface"
#bandwidth "1-10000000kb"
66
Q

Bandwidth of Hub using physical interfaces with same CIR rates?

A

CIR (x) devices = Bandwidth

67
Q

Bandwidth of Hub using VC’s with diff. CIR rates?

A 
Create P2P sub-interfaces with separate values.
#int S"#.1" point-to-point
#ip add "ip" "mask"
#bandwidth "#"
68
Q

Bandwidth of Hub using a single multipoint interface with different bandwidths?

A 
Sum of CIR's = Bandwidth.
#int S"#.123" multipoint
#bandwidth "#"
69
Q

What happenes to neighbors who do not respond to SIA queries by the time the Active Timer ends?

A

The sender removes those neighbors from the neighbor table.

70
Q

How do you disable the Active Timer (1 min.)?

A 
#interface (int.#)
timers active-time disabled
71
Q 
If a static neighbor adjacency is formed, will dynamic adjacency's form on that same interface? (multi-point frame -relay)
#router eigrp 10 
#neighbor 10.10.10.3 interface (int.#)
A

Once a static adjacency is configured on an interface, dynamic neighbor discovery will be disabled on that interface.

72
Q

What is the EIGRP Active process?

A
  1. QUERY is sent and 1 min. Active Timer is set.
    1a. ACK is expected before REPLY.
    1b. ACK not received by HOLD time = adj. reset.
  2. If reply not received then 1 more query is sent.
  3. REPLY “waiting for Q response = adj. kept.
  4. No reply after 2nd query = Adjacency reset.
73
Q

Why should HOLD timer《 ACTIVE timer?

A

It prevents a querying router from becoming SIA because a downstream QUERY was not replied to fast enough.

74
Q

How many equal cost paths are allowed in the route table by default?

75
Q

What is the max equal cost paths allowed in the route table?

76
Q

What conditions must be met to form an adj.?

A
  1. HELLO must be received from neighbor.
  2. AS # must match.
  3. IP’s must be on same subnet.
77
Q

How do you configure EIGRP authentication?

A 
A(config)#key chain MYCHAIN
A(config-keychain)#key 1
A(config-keychain-key)#key-string MYPASS
A(config-if)#ip auth key-chain eigrp 10 MYCHAIN
A(config-if)#ip auth mode eigrp 10 md5

CCNP Route (2 decks)

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