Eight principles Flashcards
the 8 principles of differentiation
Interior - Exterior
Hot - Cold
Full - Empty (Excess - Deficiency)
Yin - Yang
Interior/exterior disease differentiation
*according to where the disease is located in the body (i.e. the Exterior)
* and not according to its aetiology (e.g. external Wind)
* diagnosis is made on the basis of clinical manifestations
Exterior
- Skin, muscles and Channels
- esp. the space btw skin and muscles - location of Wei (Defensive) Qi and sweat
- space that is first invaded by EPF (= “Lung’s defensive Qi portion”)
‘Exterior pattern’ definition
*clinical manifestations arising from invasion of the Exterior by EPF
*giving rise to typical ‘exterior’ clinical manifestations
* be aware: not all problems on the skin are an exterior pattern = most chronic skin conditions are due to an interior pattern manifesting on the skin
‘Interior pattern’ definition
clinical manifestation arising from a disharmony on the Internal Organs/Zang Fu
The 5 zang organs
*the heart
*the liver
*the spleen
*the lung
*the kidney
the 6 fu organs
*the gallbladder
*the stomach
*the small intestine
*the large intestine
*the urinary bladder
*the sanjiao (triple burner).
Chronic skin conditions - exterior or interior?
most are due to an interior pattern manifesting on the skin
Two types of exterior patterns/syndromes
-
Exterior syndrome/pattern
*affecting Skin and Muscles (invasion by EPF, usually Wind Heat or Wind Cold
* sudden onset -
Bi Syndrome =Painful Obstruction Syndrome
*affecting the Channels
* slow onset
Interior, definition
Organs and Bones
‘Exterior pattern’ main Signs & Symptoms
- aversion to cold
-
fever
*aching body
*stiff neck - Floating pulse
Which two S&S always indicate invasion by EPF
- Fever fa re = objective feeling of heat on palpation)
- aversion to cold (=sudden chilliness, subjective feeling of cold)
Manifestation of Exterior Cold pattern
(=Invasion of W-C)
*slight ‘fever’
*pronounced aversion to cold
*severe body aches
*severe stiff neck
*no sweating
*no thirst
*P: Floating-Tight
* T: Thin white coating
Manifestation of Exterior Heat pattern
(=Invasion of W-H)
- fever
- aversion to cold
- severe body aches
- slight sweating
- thirst
- P: Floating-Rapid
- T: Thin white coating, sometimes redness on the sides and/or front
Main factors in differentiating the Hot and Cold character on an exterior pattern
- thirst (Hot) or its absence (Cold)
- Rapid (Hot) or Tight (Cold) pulse
What defines an Exterior pattern as Full?
- Exterior pattern is by definition always FULL, because:
- presence of an EPF
- the person’s Qi is relatively in tact and the PF fights against the body’s Qi
Differentiation of Exterior pattern into Full and Empty
- only in relative terms
- according to a person’s pre-existing condition
- i.e. if a person has tendency to Qi or Blood deficiency, the exterior pattern will have an Empty character (=exterior pattern from W-C with prevalence of Wind)
- if a person has a tendency to Fullness, the exterior pattern will have a Full character
S&S of Exterior Empty pattern (=’Empty’ Wind invasion)
*slight or no fever
*sweating
*aversion to wind
*slight body aches
*P: Floating-Slow
*T: Thin white
S&S of Exterior Full pattern (=’Full’ Wind invasion)
*fever
*no sweating
*aversion to wind
*severe body aches
*aversion to cold
*P: Floating-Tight
*T: Thin white coating
Main differentiation btw Empty and Full exterior pattern
- sweating (Empty) or its absence (Full)
- P: Slow = Empty, Tight = Full
- severity of body aches (severe=Full, less severe=Empty)
Exterior affecting the Channels (Bi syndrome)
*slow/gradual onset
*obstruction to the circulation of Qi in channels and joints by an EPF (Wind, Cold, Damp or Heat)
causing painful obstruction syndrome
S&S of Exterior affecting the Channels (Bi syndrome)
- Cold severe pain, one joint affected, relieved by application of heat
- Wid pain moves around from joint to joint
- Damp swelling and stiffness
- Heat severe pain, joints hot and swollen
