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BIEN 290 > EHS > Flashcards

EHS Flashcards

1
Q

Biohazard def

A

Pathogenic and non-pathogenic microorganisms, proteins, and nucleic acids, as well as any biological matter that may contain microorganisms, proteins, nucleic acids, or parts thereof.

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2
Q

Biohazard examples

A
  • Micro-organisms
  • Viruses, fungi, parasites, prions, bacteria and toxins
  • Human and animal blood and bodily fluids * Cell lines and other tissue cultures * Nucleic acids
  • Genetically modified organisms
  • Plants and algae
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3
Q

Laboratory-Acquired Infections (LAI) routes

A
  • Direct contact (e.g. splash)
  • Inhalation
  • Ingestion
  • Parenteral/inoculation
  • Indirect contact
  • Vectors: animal/insect
    bites
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4
Q

Some aerosol generating procedures

A

:  homogenizing, blending, grinding  vortexing, mixing, pipetting  centrifugation
 opening snap-cap tubes
 animal cage changing, necropsy
 streaking agar plates
 spills

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5
Q

Best protection against inhalation of aerosols and sources

A

 Best protection is a Biological Safety Cabinet

Some aerosol generating procedures:
 homogenizing, blending, grinding
 vortexing, mixing, pipetting
 centrifugation
 opening snap-cap tubes
 animal cage changing, necropsy
 streaking agar plates
 spills

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6
Q

What to do after accidental exposure to hazardous material

A
  1. Ask for help – provide immediate first aid
  2. Serious injury dial 911 and Security
  3. Needlesticks and cuts: wash with soap and water
  4. Splashes: flush eyes, mouth, nose
  5. If required, seek medical attention:
  6. Notifysupervisor
  7. Complete Accident, Incident & Occupational Disease Report
  8. Monitor for symptoms - incubation period
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7
Q

How many pathogen risk levels

A

Categorization of relative hazards of pathogens (4 levels)
* Known for most common pathogens

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8
Q

What determines pathogen risk level

A

For new pathogens:
* Pathogenicity
* Infectious dose
* Mode of transmission
* Host range
* Effective prevention, e.g. vaccine
* Effective treatment, e.g. antibiotic, antiviral PEP

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9
Q

Risk group definitions

A

Risk Group 1
* Low individual risk * Low community risk * Unlikely to infect healthy humans & animals

Risk Group 2
* Moderate individual risk * Low community risk * Treatment/prevention available

Risk Group 3
* High individual risk
* Low community risk
* Cause serious disease, treatment/prevention usually available

Risk Group 4
* High individual risk
* High community risk
* Cause serious or lethal disease by casual contact
* Treatment/prevention not usually available

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10
Q

Risk level vs containment level

A

Containment levels based on:
* Potential for aerosol generation
* Quantity
* Concentration
* In vitro, in vivo or large scale
* Shedding

Risk -> personal community risk and treatment possible

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11
Q

Containment levels

A

Containment Level 1
* Physical requirements: * Basic design features
* Operational requirements:
* Work may be done on open bench top
* BSC not required, may be used for sterility
* Good microbiological
practices (good hygiene)

Containment level 2
Additional physical requirements, e.g.
 Limited access, signage, lockable doors
 Resistant, non-absorptive surfaces (for disinfection)
 Containment of aerosols, e.g.:  BSC
 Centrifuges with sealed rotors or safety cups  Minimize environmental contamination:
 Handwashing sinks  Decontamination facilities (autoclaves)

Level 3
* Respiratory protection
* HEPA filtration of lab exhaust
* Strictly controlled access

Level 4
* Isolated facility with sealed perimeter
* Positive pressure suits or Class 3 BSC
* Effluent sterilization system

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12
Q

Local risk assessment

A
  • Hazards: Identify hazards associated with tasks and procedures, break down into steps as necessary.
  • Risk statement: An accurate picture of a risk, includes; the event itself and the potential negative impact if the risk is not managed.

Risk level based on = likelyhood of occurence * consequence

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13
Q

Risk mitigation steps

A

Elimination/ substitution:
Engineering Controls: (lighting, handwash stations, autoclave, BSC)
Administrative Controls: (limited access, record keeping, inventory)
Personal Protective Equipment (PPE):

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14
Q

Biosafety and biosecurity

A

Biosafety: containment principles, technologies and operational practices that are implemented to prevent unintentional exposure to pathogens or toxins
Biosecurity: measures designed to prevent the loss, theft, misuse, diversion or intentional release of infectious materials or toxins

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15
Q

Standard biosafety practices

A

No Eating, drinking, applying cosmetics, inserting and removing contact lenses, storing food and utensils

  • Cover open wounds, Transport biohazards in leak-proof containers
  • Decontaminate waste, work surfaces daily

wash hands (beginning, soiled, glove removal, leaving)

Blunt-end needles if possible (no bending, recapping)
Discard immediately,
Separate contaminated and non-,
puncture-proof waste containers

Mechanical pipetting devices
* Discharge liquid down side of container
* as close as possible to contents
* Never blow

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16
Q

Sterilization decontamination disinfection

A

Sterilization
* Destruction of all microorganisms, including
spores
Sterilization of materials prior to use * Animal care/surgeries - Cell-culture

Disinfection
* Destruction of microorganisms – may not kill spores
Decontamination
* Destruction or reduction of pathogens to safe level

17
Q

Autoclaves

A
  • Contact with heated steam at high pressures results in the coagulation of proteins
  • Effective conditions must be met and documented
  • Validation
  • Verification
  • For heat and moisture-stable
    material

Chemicals (solvents, corrosives) Radioactive materials Bleach and other chlorinated products Plastic and glass not rated for autoclave use

18
Q

validation +
verification

A

validation:

Biological Indicators
* Use biological indicators, e.g. Geobacillus stearothermophilus, regularly to prove that the cycle in use is effective

Temperature Sensitive Tape

verification is routine to make sure all good

19
Q

How to transport biohazardous materials

A

Use secondary containers to contain potential spillage

20
Q

Routes of entry

A

Skin Absorption
Inhalation
Injection
Ingestion

Skin absorption & ***inhalation
common in a lab setting

21
Q

How many hazard classes are there in WHMIS 2015 for Physical Hazards and Health Hazards?

A

Physical Hazards: 19 Classes, Health Hazards: 12 Classes

22
Q

What do pictograms in WHMIS 2015 represent?

A

They represent various hazard classes. Note: WHMIS 2015 pictograms may have more than one class.

23
Q

Define the term “Flash Point.”

A

The lowest temperature at which a liquid produces enough vapour to ignite in the presence of a source of ignition.

lowest flash point -> risk of burning

24
Q

Describe what pyrophoric substances are and which class

A

Pyrophoric substances are those that ignite instantly when exposed to air.

physical hazard -> flammables

25
Q

What types of products are in the explosive hazard class

A

Self Reactive (Type A & B)
Organic Peroxides (Type A & B)

These products are reactive and sensitive to change (T, P)

26
Q

Flame pictogram classes and precautions

A

Most used:
Flammable gases Flammable aerosols Flammable liquids Flammable solids
Rarely used:
Pyrophoric Liquids Pyrophoric Solids Pyrophoric Gases Self-Reactive Substances Self-Heating Substances Substances which, in contact with
water emit flammable gases Organic Peroxides

Precautions:
* Away from heat sources
* Flammable Storage Cabinets
* Separate from Oxidizers
* Use fume hood
* Use proper protective equipment
* Store in explosion proof freezers or refrigerators
* Never leave experiments unattended

27
Q

Hazards and precautions corrosives

A

Corrosive to metal / harmful resp tract, skin eye irritant

Precautions
* Use in fume hood if required
* Use proper protective equipment ~ Protect skin and eyes
* Store appropriately
~ Store acids and bases in
separate areas
~ Not under the sink!
* Pour chemicals properly
~ Pour acid into water

avoid mixing oxidizing and organic acids

28
Q

Gases under pressure hazards and precautions

A

Toxic, asphyxiation, frost bite (cryogenics)

away from heat, tied down, cap

29
Q

Acute toxicity

A

 One or more exposures to a product in a short period of time
 Skin contact, ingestion or inhalation  May cause immediate death or serious injury

30
Q

Health hazard picto classes

A

~ Respiratory sensitizer
~ Germ cell mutagenicity
~ Carcinogenicity
~ Reproductive toxicity
~ Specific Target Organ Toxicity - Single exposure ~ Specific Target Organ Toxicity - Repeated exposure ~ Aspiration hazard

Chronic or targeted health effects

31
Q

exclamation mark

A

 Acute toxicity – Oral, Dermal, Inhalation
(Category 4 -> low)
 Skin irritation
 Eye irritation
 Skin sensitizer
 Specific target organ toxicity – Single exposure (Category 3 -> low)

usually reversible irritation

32
Q

Precautions against health hazards

A

 Replace with less hazardous products
 Avoid stockpiling – minimize amounts
 Use fume hood if required
 Use eye and skin protection
 Good housekeeping (clean work surface)
 No food or drink in work areas
 Good personal hygiene
~ Wash hands after handling &
before leaving

33
Q

What should supplier vs workplace label have

A

Workplace Label - Requirements
Safe Handling Precautions
Product Name
Reference to SDS

Supplier:
1. product identifier
2. WHMIS Pictograms
3. Signal Word
5. Precautionary Statements
4. Hazard Statement
6. Supplier Identifier

In research lab:
Full name or abbrev
SDS close by/avail
No leaving lab

34
Q

SDS what

A

16 sections, update when new info

  1. Identification
  2. Hazard Identification
  3. Composition / Information on Ingredients
  4. First Aid Measures
  5. Fire Fighting Measures
  6. Accidental Release Measures
  7. Handling and Storage
  8. Exposure Controls / Personal Protection
  9. Physical and Chemical Properties
  10. Stability and Reactivity
  11. Toxicological Information
  12. Ecological Information
  13. Disposal Considerations
  14. Transport Information
  15. Regulatory Information
  16. Other Information

BIEN 290 (4 decks)

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