Eh Flashcards
Tone/Symphonic Poem
(LISZT) of contrasting sections character and tempo
Bel Canto
Italian beautiful singing, with elegant vocal styles embellished. Florid Melodies
Gesamptkunstwerk
Total or collective artwork. Example is Wagner believed in oneless
Leitmotif
Leading motive. When a certain object first appears or is repeated certain words are repeated or using. Wagner’s ring cycle
Realism (vensmo)
Vero=true. An operatic parallel to realism in literature (instead of presenting historical info, it presents everyday people” especially lower class people. Ex. Verdi’s La Traviatta, Bizet’s Carmen
Tristan chord, chromaticism
Augmented sixth chord in a minor, the opening motif used throughout the opera. It revolutionized how composers treated tonality. The significance is that it moves away from traditional tonal harmony and more towards atonality. Wagner provoked the sound of harmony to become more predominant than its function which was explored by Debussy. This chord delayed harmonic resolution for hours which created the ultimate musical and dramatic “delayed gratification”. Without this, Debussy might not have been as readily drawn to individual chords, bell-like, or whole tone. Schoenberg would not have embarked on his voyage far from the shores of conventional tonality.
The Mighty 5
5 composers who stood against conservatories. Most didn’t have training. Inputted Russian folk song, modal and exotic scales,, and folk polyphony,
Nationalism
Preferred by german speaking composers. Teaching of that specific culture
Exoticism/primitivism
The evolution of foreign lands and cultures also grew more common in the later 19th C. Ex. Rameau’ she opera ballet, Les Indes galavites
Modernism
A term from the late 19th C, where creators sought to offer something new and distinctive while maintaining strong links to tradition (compare to avant-garde)
Impressionism/symbolism
Term derived from art used for music that evokes moods and visual imagery through colorful harmony and instrumental timbre.
Expressionism
20th C, in which music aboids all traditional forms of “beauty” in order to express deep personal feelings though exaggerated gestures, angular melodies, and extreme dissonance
Neoclassical
Trend in music from the 1910’s-1950’s in which composers revived imitated, or evoked the style, genres, and forms of pre romantic music, especially the 18th C
Ethnomusicology
Bartok, the study of music in different cultures
Atonality
Music that avoids establishing a central pitch or tonal center (tonic or tonal)
Pitch class set
A collection of pitch classes that preserve its identity when transposed, inverted, or recorded and used melodically or harmonically
Klangfarbenmelodie
German for tone color melody. Term coined by Schoenberg to describe a succession of timbre that is perceived as analogous to the changing pitches in a melody
twelve tone method
Form of atonality based on the systematic ordering of. The twelve notes of the chromatic scale into a row that may be manipulated according to certain rules
Rational form
Recycling certain forms
Polytonality/bitonality
Simultaneous use of 2 or more keys, each in a different layer of the music (melody and accompaniment)
Tchaikovsky
Most prominent Russian composer of 19th C. Light salon works to grand symphonies. Classical influences, operas, ballets, piano concertos, violin concertos, symphonic poems, overtures, chamber music. Dominant force in Russian music
Puccini
Most successful Italian opera a composer after Verdi. Exoticism, another form of realism, added appeal of unfamiliar, far away. Style: blend of Verdi and Wagner. Verdi’s influence was on vocal melody while wagoner’s had recurring melodies, leitmotivs, and a greater role for orchestra. He did madam butterfly
Bizet
Carmen. Exoticism and realism combined. Spanish flavor in french exoticism, seguidilla, Phrygian cadences,
Strauss
Dominant figure in german musical life. celebrated as a conductor. Tone poems (modeled after Liszt and Berlioz, colorful orchestration, transformation of themes, types of programs which range from representational to philosophical), operas, lieder.
