Egzamin Flashcards
Peter Drucker
Planning, Organizing, Integrating, Measuring Performance, Developing People
A person who provides expert advice to a company
Consultant
A situation of danger and difficulty
Crisis
A new idea or method
Innovation
Sth you plan to do or achieve
Objective
When sb is raised to a higher or more important position
Promotion
The section of the economy under government control
Public sector
A plan for achieving success
Strategy
A person with less important position in an organization
Subordinate
Ulokowac zasoby
To allocate resources
Theory X Douglas McGregor
People are lazy and will avoid work and responsibility
Theory Y Douglas McGregor
Most people have psychological need to work and given the right conditions, they will be creative, ambitious and self-motivated by the satisfaction of doing a good job.
‘Hierarchy of needs’ Abraham Maslow
- Self-Actualization
- Self-esteem
- Belonging
- Safety
- Physiological
Frederick Herzberg
Satisfiers (hygiene factors) - do not motivate, but their lack can demotivate (dissatisfiers)
Motivators
Interactions between employers and employees or managers and workers
Labor relations
Knowing that there is little risk of losing one’s employment
Job security
Money paid to manual workers
Wages
Advantages that come with a job apart from pay
Benefits
Things that encourage people to do sth
Motivators
Without any particular abilities acquired by training
Unskilled
Regularly switching between different tasks
Job rotation
A company’s shared attitudes, beliefs, practices and work relationships
Corporate culture
A system of authority with different levels, one above the other; instructions flow downward and accountability flows upward
Hierarchy or chain of command
A specific activity in a company e.g. production, marketing
Function
Independent, able to take decisions without consulting sb at the same level or higher in the chain of command
Autonomous
The power to give instructions to people at the level below in the chain of command
Line of authority
To be responsible to sb and take instructions from them
To report to
To give sb else responsibility for doing sth instead of you
To delegate
Organizational structure, where company is divided to departments e.g. marketing, finance.
Functional structure
Believing that the group is more important than the individual
Collectivist
Reducing demands or changing opinions in order to agree
Compromise
A face-to-face disagreement or argument
Confrontation
People of influence or importance with whom you are associated
Connections
Looking directly at the people you are talking or listening to
Eye contact
An invented word combining worldwide and regional concerns
Glocalization
To do sth when necessary without having it already planned
Improvise
to cut into sb else’s turn to speak
Interrupt
Understanding or knowing without consciously using reason
Intuition
Thought based on reason and judgements rather than feelings and emotions
Logic
To be humiliated or disrespected in public
Lose face
Respect, prestige or importance with whom you are associated
Status
Masa krytyczna
Critical mass
To achieve better results than the others
Outperform
Rentowność
Profitability
Payback on the investment (kapitał własny)
Return on equity
Top levels of management
Leadership ranks
Meet or find unexpectedly or by accident
To interrupt
Required or obligatory
Compulsory
An officially imposed number or quantity
Quota
Done with choice
Voluntary
Obeying laws or regulation
Compliance
The ending or termination of an organization
Dissolution
Trainees
Apprentices
Someone who changes their beliefs
Convert
Rozrzucić
To scatter over
Półwyroby
Semis
Rynna
Spout
Zamieszanie
Commotion
Produkty reklamowe
Advertising products
Wytapianie żelaza
Smelting iron
Złożenie
Assembling
Układanie kabli
Laying cables
Frezowanie metali
Milling metal
Ruda
Ore
Utrzymanie
Maintenance
Górnictwo węgla
Mining coal
Pompowanie oleju
Pumping oil
Spawanie
Welding
Produkcja
Manufacturing
Agriculture, and the extraction of raw materials from the earth
The primary sector
Manufacturing industry, in which raw materials are tuned into finished products
The secondary sector
The commercial services
The tertiary sector (service sector)
Products sold to other countries
Exported goods
Property: buildings such as offices, houses, flats (BrE) or apartments (AmE)
Real estate
Company’s reserves of raw materials, parts, work in process and finished products
Inventory or stock
Any of the pieces or parts that make up a product or machine
Component
The maximum rate of output that can be achieved from a production process
Capacity
A collective word for all the buildings, machines, equipment and other facilities used in the production process
Plant
The geographical situation of a factory or other facility
Location
A network of organisations involved in producing and delivering goods or a service
Supply chain
Buying products or processed materials from other companies rather than manufacturing them
Outsourcing
The cost savings arising from large-scale production
Economies of scale
The time needed to perform an activity such as manufacturing a product or delivering it to a customer
Lead time
The Dell Theory of Conflict Prevention
No two countries that are both part of a major global supply chain will ever fight a war against each other
Firmly fixed in sth or part of sth
Embedded
The quality of people’s lives
Standard of living
Someone who establishes a company
Founder
The potential cost of taking a chance
The risk premium
The value of a business activity
Equity
Causing trouble and stopping sth from continuing as usual
Disruptive
Increasing or decreasing more and more quickly as time passes
Exponentially
The obtaining of supplies
Procurement
The state of being successful and having a lot of money
Prosperity
The situation when sth is not likely to change
Stability
Correct, exact and without any mistakes
Accurate
Able to move quickly and easily
Agile
A guess of what the size or amount of sth might be
Estimate (noun)
A statement of what is expected to happen in the future
Forecast (noun)
Using small quantities and avoiding any waste
Lean (of production)
Designing and managing the flow of goods, information and other resources
Logistics
Done with hands
Manual
To fill sth up again
Replenish
A company manufactures according to current demand; nothing is bought or produced until its needed (JIT)
Pull strategy
Production is based on estimates of future demand; Manufacturing Resources Planning (MRP)
Push strategy
Manufacturing Resources Planning (MRP)
computer-based system that can create detail production schedule using realtime data to coordinate the arrival of component materials with machine and labor availability
Providing a large amount of good things
Bountiful
Things that cause difficulties
Headaches
Official rules or the act of controlling sth
Regulation
Changing or improving a product or a service
Reworking
Getting rid of things which are no longer useful or wanted
Scrapping
To examine a machine and repair any faulty parts
Service
Guarantee: written promise to repair or replace products that develop a fault
Warranty
Management approach designed to improve the production quality of goods and services
Total Quality Management (TQM)
Giving each products its own brand name, so the company is less well-known than its brand
Individual branding
One brand for all products produced by the company
Corporate branding
Anything that can be offered to a market that might satisfy a want or need - services, people, places, organisations
Product
A name/ symbol/ logo that distinguishes products and services from competing offerings and makes consumer remember the company, product, service
Brand
Places of business for selling goods to customers (shops)
Outlets
A graphic image or symbol specially created to identify a company or product
Logo
All the different products, brands and items that company sells
Product mix
Businesses that sell goods or merchandise to individual customers
Retailer
Wrappers and containers used to enclose and protect a product
Packaging
The extent to which customers are aware of a brand and know its name
Brand recognition
Surfaces in a store on which goods are displayed
Shelves
The sales of a company expressed as a percentage of total sales in a given market
Market share
Consumers who buy various competing products rather than being loyal to a particular brand
Brand - switcher
All the companies or individuals (‘middleman’) involved in moving goods or services from producers to consumers
Distribution channel
An intermediary that stocks manufacturer’s goods or merchandise, and sells it to retailers and professional buyers
Wholesaler
Dividing a market into distinct groups of buyers who have different requirements or buying habits
Market segmentation
Making a product (appear to be) different from similar products offered by other sellers, by product differences, advertising, packaging etc.
Product differentiation
