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World Histoy H > Egypt And Mesopotamia > Flashcards

Egypt And Mesopotamia Flashcards

1
Q

Why are the burial tombs significant in Egypt

A

These tombs provide us with invaluable information about the lives of the ancient Egyptians.

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2
Q

Why was the Nile River important to the Egyptians?

A

It brought life to Egypt by providing good soil, water, transportation, and a way of protection.

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3
Q

Black Land

A

fertile land on the banks of the Nile River

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4
Q

Red land

A

the name the Egyptians gave the desert land beyond the river valley because it was dry and lifeless - provided metals + stones

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5
Q

Natural barriers of Egypt

A
  1. North - Nile Delta, Mediterranean Sea
  2. South - Cataracts of the Nile
  3. East - Red Sea, Desert
  4. West - Desert
    These natural barriers made Egypt hard to invade.
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6
Q

When did people settle by the Nile?

A

5000 BCE (before old kingdom)

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7
Q

Who united Upper and Lower Egypt in 3200 BCE?

A

King Menes

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8
Q

Who was king Menes

A

Became 1st pharaoh and started the 1st dynasty

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9
Q

Capital city of Egypt

A

Memphis

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10
Q

when was is the “Old Kingdom”?

A

2700-2200 BCE “pyramid age”

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11
Q

What is significant about the old kingdom

A
  • pharaohs had complete power, created sphinx, United halves, 1st pyramid build, Giza built
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12
Q

What was significant about the Middle Kingdom (2000-1650)

A
  • pharaohs we’re buried in hidden tombs, built strong armies and fortresses to defend Egypt, achievements in art, literature, and engineering
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13
Q

What are inventions of the Egyptians

A

writing (hieroglyphics), ink, make up, advancement in medicine, toothpaste, door lock, plow, calendar, and sundial

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14
Q

What is significant about the New Kingdom (1550-1100 BCE)

A
  • pharaohs ruled as all powerful, expanded territory into the Middle East, time of king tut, 1st female pharaohs
  • grew into a huge empire during this time / population grew
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15
Q

Who was the 1st female pharaoh

A

Hatshepsut

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16
Q

What was the pyramid social class in Egypt

A

Pharaohs, nobles and priests, soldiers, artisans/merchants/scribes, farmers, slaves

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17
Q

Pharaohs

A

Kings, generals, and religious leaders - believed to be gods and their words were law - they were built pyramids

18
Q

Novels and priests

A

Wealthy, enjoyed high quality life, in charge of temples rituals mummification and burial practices, usually related to the Pharaoh and inherited the position

19
Q

Soldiers

A

Lived in barracks at camps and forts, farmed and helped with the pharaohs projects during peace, wore sandals and linen skirts, could inherit riches

20
Q

Artisans/merchants/scribes

A

Artisans were skilled but not very respected, worked in shared workshops
Scribes went to school for many years, recorded info for gov. and religious leaders
Merchants traveled to trade products and bring back goods profit

21
Q

Farmers

A

Worked during harvesting and planting season, raised animals, paid in clothes food and shelter

22
Q

Slaves

A

Worked on farming projects during peak season, largest class and was mostly made of foreigners, during other times they built pyramids

23
Q

Egypts contributions to society

A

Architecture, engineering, art, math, medicine

24
Q

Decline of Egypts power

A

U.E and L.E split, grew weak and was invaded by civilizations, cleopatra was the last pharaoh 27 BCE, ancient Egypt became part of the … empire

25
Q

Describe two factors that led to growth in the early river civilizations

A

The collecting of wheat and grains - building ditches and walls led to better laborers and construction

26
Q

Two most important parts of agriculture

A

Planting crops and domesticating animals

27
Q

Characteristics of the Jericho

A
  • planted barely and wheat
  • mud brick homes
  • continued to hunt wild animals
  • used irrigation from the Dead Sea/Jordan river
  • dug a ditch and built a wall around their settlement
  • created pictographs and
28
Q

Characteristics of the Catahoyuk

A
  • had no wall or moats
  • lived in dwellings that touched each other with no doors at ground level
  • used art on walls
  • dead were buried under the houses
29
Q

Where is Mesopotamia

A

In the fertile valleys between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers (Fertile Crescent)

30
Q

What is the Fertile Crescent

A

Boomerang shaped region of the Middle East that was home to some of the earliest civilizations

31
Q

Agriculture of Mesopotamia

A

They used the domestication of animals and irrigation techniques that took advantage of the proximity of the Tigris and Euphrates rivers

32
Q

Who were the Sumerians

A
  • First major civilization of Mesopotamia
  • created first form of writing called cuneiform
33
Q

Epic of Gilgamesh

A

Earliest great work of literature were Gilgamesh goes on an adventure with a friend and then after he dies, goes on a quest to discover the secret of eternal life.

34
Q

Characteristics of a civilization

A

Specialized workers, technology, advanced cities, record keeping, agriculture

35
Q

What is the difference between the Nile river and E.T.

A

The Nile brought trading and a successful economy while the ET had more problems with unpredictable flooding

36
Q

Econemy of Mesopotamia

A

People relied on bartering which is trading without a form of money

37
Q

What was the government on Egypt

A

Theocracy - implement god in the pharaoh

38
Q

Natural barriers of Mesopotamia

A

Lack of natural barriers allowed frequent migrations of people and invasions

39
Q

Natural barriers of Egypt

A
  • Mediterranean Sea
  • Red Sea
  • Sahara desert
  • eastern desert
  • cataracts of Nile ( shallow areas were rocks and boulders are jutting out)
40
Q

What is Hammurabi’s code

A

one of the earliest and more complete written legal codes from ancient times

World Histoy H (1 decks)

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