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comp civ > egypt > Flashcards

egypt Flashcards

1
Q

What form did the first graves take?

A

Oval Pit Graves

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2
Q

What are sarcophagi?

A

Outer Coffins

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3
Q

Where were the highest ranking civil servants of the Old Kingdom buried?

A

Saqqara

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4
Q

Who was the architect of the first step-pyramid?

A

Imhotep

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5
Q

Who was buried in the first step pyramid

A

Djoser

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6
Q

Who had the first straight-sided pyramid built?

A

King snefru

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7
Q

Where is the first straight-sided pyramid?

A

Meidum

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8
Q

Where (precisely) was Snefru most likely buried?

A

The Red Pyramid

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9
Q

Where is the Great Pyramid located?

A

The giza plateau

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10
Q

Who was Khaefre?

A

Khufu’s son

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11
Q

What is (likely) the origin of the word mummy?

A

The persian word mamiya, which is used to describe the blackened state of ancient egyptian bodies

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12
Q

When and where did the first mummy studies start?

A

Began in the early 19th century from egypt

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13
Q

Where was mummification first used?

A

Atacama desert area in Northern Chile in fishing community of the Chinchorro

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14
Q

women may have started the mummification of bodies; what is the justification for this possibility?

A

Because the earliest Chinchorro mummies were children and foetuses so the woman mummified their bodies to keep the dead child with them

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15
Q

What natural process led to the creation of mummies high in the Andes?

A

The natural process of freeze-drying

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16
Q

What was the religious justification for the Spanish to destroy any mummies they found in their various conquests?

A

To preserve the mortal souls of the mummies

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17
Q

The god of craftsmen that the Greeks equated to their god of metalworking.

A

Ptah

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18
Q

Who were Atum, Khepri and Horakhty?

A

Re’s forms on manifestation

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19
Q

This god was represented on earth by the living ruler of the time (the pharaoh)

A

Horus

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20
Q

he was the sun disk… the essence of the divine made visible.

A

Aten

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21
Q

A symbol of motherhood and fertility, who was this goddess?

A

Hathor

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22
Q

The moon god, who the Greeks identified with Hermes the messenger god, maybe because he was also the inventor of writing and acted as scribe for the gods?

A

Thoth

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23
Q

This god was identified with the ram and the goose.

A

Amun

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24
Q

Who was the god and judge of the underworld?

A

Osiris

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25
Q

What is the Schistosoma worm? How does it enter a human, and what effect can it have on health?

A

Parasites in the agriculture irrigation channels. Enter via feet or legs. They lay eggs in the bloodstream, and travel through internal organs making humans weak and susceptible to disease.

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26
Q

Ancient Egypt had access to a relatively healthy diet; were all ancient Egyptians nutritionally healthy?

A

Not every Egyptian was had adequate nutrition. When bodies of ancient egyptians were retrieved from graves, they discovered some suffered from nutritional defiency.

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27
Q

What is the connection between eye makeup (worn by both men and women) and health?

A

Egyptians wore eye paint, because it contained malachite and had medicinal properties.

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28
Q

What age group had the highest mortality rate?

A

infants

29
Q

What evidence is there that many Egyptians suffered from anaemia (iron deficiency)? What may have caused it?

A

Bc anemia leaves markers on the roofs of eye sockets, on top of skulls, and are seen frequently on Egyptians. Caused by people living on mainly a cereal diet, or parasites. It made Egyptians vulnerable to other diseases

30
Q

What is one of the possible reasons for so many ancient Egyptians having worn teeth.

A

The quantity of sand in bread caused the wearing teeth.

31
Q

Who was more likely to suffer head trauma in ancient Egypt, and why?

A

Men, because they engaged in more manual work and military action.

32
Q

What sort of writing would an ancient scribe have likely used for day to day recording?

A

Hieratic, and demotic scripts,

33
Q

What replaced the Egyptian written language?

A

Coptic, a 24 letter script from the Greek alphabet

34
Q

Who found the Rosetta Stone, and where is it now?

A

Troop of french soldiers sent at Fort Julien, in the town of Rosetta, Nile Delta. It is now in the British Museum.

35
Q

What knowledge did Champollion have that provided the key to figuring out the hieroglyphs?

A

He realized hieroglyphs were phonetic and the underlying language was Egyptian.
Which pharaoh’s name did he uncover first?

36
Q

Nile Valley

A
  • The Nile flooding is when the receding waters left behind a rich alluvial soil
  • egyptian society which made the Nile Valley a fertile and productive region
  • egypt is dependant on it for wealth
37
Q

Nile Delta and the Faiyum

A

largest area of fertile land in Egypt. Faiyum lies around Lake Moeris which was the third largest area of settlement and cultivation

38
Q

Deserts

A

source for minerals, and building supplies (copper, gold, tin, alabaster, timestone, amethyst, and natron. Served as protection from invasion

39
Q

The Mediterranean

A

Outlet for trade, and cultural diffusion

40
Q

The Old Kingdom

A

Rulers: King Menes
Significant Accomplishments: united lower, and upper egypt engaged in trade throughout the Mediterranean, mining copper in the Sinai Peninsula gained wealth and goods. The king was deified.
Other info: Three pyramids of Giza were built

41
Q

The Middle Kingdom

A

Rulers: Theban Kings, influence of god Amon
Significant Accomplishments: through war with Palestine, Libya, and Nubia they extended their influence
Other info: Hyksos invaded with superior technology, only driven out after 150 years

42
Q

The New Kingdom

A

Rulers: Hatshesput, succeeded by Thutmose II
Significant Accomplishments: produced fine art, gained wealth from tributes paid to Thutmose’s conquests
Other info: Hatshesput declared herself queen. Thutmose was “Napolean” many military excursions. Subjected people to pay tribute
-rise of Amon deity

43
Q

Monotheistic

A

belief/doctrine states that there is only 1 god

44
Q

polytheistic

A

belief/doctrine in multiple gods

45
Q

deities

A

god, or goddess in polytheistic religion

46
Q

Anthropomorphic

A

attribution of human qualities to non human entities
-Thoth, the Ibis-headed god of wisdom and writing
-Anubis, jackal-headed god of mummification
-

47
Q

Demigods

A

minor deity, or a mortal who is the offspring of a god and a mortal

48
Q

Amon

A

rose to national prominence during the Middle Kingdom under theban rulers

49
Q

Re

A
  • Son god of Heliopolis
  • sun disc on his head
  • created of humans
50
Q

Osiris

A
  • god of earth and vegetation

- murdered by his brother Seth, was reborn and became symbol of the nile

51
Q

Anubis

A

Jackal headed god of mummification

-presided over bandaging of dead

52
Q

Horus

A
  • son of isis and osiris
  • falcon
  • kings were physical manifestation of Horus on earth
53
Q

Seth

A
  • lord of upper Egypt

- desert/storms

54
Q

Thoth

A
  • god of wisdom
  • ibis headed
  • writing
  • the moon
55
Q

Isis

A

wife and sister of Osiris

-protects children

56
Q

Egyptian spirit Ka

A
  • each human crafted has a spiritual duplicate

- Ka is stored in heart and at death separated from body

57
Q

Egyptian spirit ba

A
  • non-physical element unique to each person
  • enters at birth leaves at death
  • personality
58
Q

Afterlife views

A
  • Egyptian concept of afterlife reflects their positive outlook, zeal for life
  • duplication of best moments on each
  • fun time
59
Q

Egyptian maat

A
  • order, truth, justice,
60
Q

for afterlife bodies must be

A
  1. preserved in lifelike forms

2, deceased must be provided with items necessary for a life in hereafter

61
Q

Royal tombs have

A

-games, jewelry, clothes, weapons, furniture, food

62
Q

Nile river

A
  • wealth depended on water from nile
  • flooding
  • come from white nile and blue nile
  • receding water left behind rich alluvial soil
  • benevolent
  • plants and crops could be harvested
63
Q

Women in Egypt

A
  • domestic
    -yellow for women
    -
64
Q

Men in Egypt

A
  • head of family
  • ## could have hella btches
65
Q

clothing

A
  • jewelry for personal expression
  • practical yet elegant
  • more sophisticated the more wealthy
  • men wore loincloths in lower classes
  • upper wore tunics
  • women wore lively patterns and bright colours
66
Q

cosmetics

A
  • stuff to protect eyes against dust and infection
  • red on lips
  • wig made from dyed black wool
67
Q

social structure

A
  1. Pharaohs
  2. Nobles Priests
  3. soldiers
  4. scribers
  5. merchants
  6. artisans
  7. farmers
  8. slaves and servants
68
Q

Rosetta Stone

A
  • 1822
  • napoleons army found
  • hieroglyphs on it
69
Q

writing

A
  • hieroglyphs
  • took from Mesopotamia
  • ideograms, symbols, phonograms
  • phonetic

comp civ (4 decks)

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