Egypt

Question 1

Akhenaten

Answer 1

Akhenaten- pharaoh, original name was Amenhotep, radical change converting Egypt temporarily monotheistic, unpopular, King Tut brought polytheism back

Question 2

Nile and geography of Egypt

Answer 2

predominantly desert, “Gift of the Nile”, longest river in the world about 4,000 miles long, flooded like clockwork, helped Egyptians make accurate calendar, gave Egyptians a positive look on afterlife, gave security/barrier to invaders, helped Egypt last a long time
Delta- north of Egypt (Lower Egypt), where Nile empties into Mediterranean Sea

Question 3

Vizier

Answer 3

advisor of the pharaoh, organized entire bureaucracy

Question 4

Battle of kadesh

Answer 4

Ramses II vs. Hittites, oldest recorded peace treaty

Question 5

Khufu

Answer 5

Great pyramid of Giza

Question 6

Giza

Answer 6

site of Great Pyramid, Old Kingdom was pyramid age, pyramid served as a tomb for the pharaoh

Question 7

Book of the dead

Answer 7

spells, hymns, and incantations, holy book, read excerpts when someone died to ensure faithful journey into afterlife

Question 8

Ka

Answer 8

soul, looked forward to death because it was a new beginning and their soul would have a new paradise life, why pharaohs were buried with their possessions for the afterlife, sometimes even with servants

Question 9

Mummification

Answer 9

wanted to preserve dead for afterlife, put organs in canopic jars, ensure soul makes it into afterlife

Question 10

Black land and red land

Answer 10

black land turned black when silt deposited, fertile place where farming occurred, red land was right next to the black land very abruptly, had to create advanced irrigation

Question 11

Valley of the kings

Answer 11

much more south than Giza, started burying pharaohs in a more discrete way, made chambers underground

Question 12

Upper and lower Egypt

Answer 12

Upper Egypt is actually south and Lower is north, because of elevation

Question 13

Menes

Answer 13

first pharaoh to unify Upper and Lower Egypt, defeated king of Upper Egypt and unified crown, established capital in Memphis

Question 14

Son of Re

Answer 14

Pharaoh took the title of Son of Re, Re was a sun god, pharaoh claiming he is divine

Question 15

Osiris

Answer 15

god of the dead, weighed heart, if not lighter than a feather could not go into afterlife

Question 16

Isis

Answer 16

Osiris’s wife, put him back together after his brother chopped him up, why he became the god of the underworld

Question 17

Anubis

Answer 17

god of embalming, oversee embalming
Double diadem- when Menes combined 2 crowns (unified Upper and Lower Egypt).
He put the red (Lower) and white (Upper) crowns together.

Question 18

Rosetta Stone

Answer 18

Discovered by Nepolian’s army
The key to unlocking all of Egyptian history.
Deciphered hieroglyphs because 3 languages were on it including Greek.

Question 19

Jean Champollion

Answer 19

French who cracked the code of Rosetta Stone

Question 20

Ramses

Answer 20

The pharaoh of the New Kingdom who most likely was not willing to let Isreali people leave (Raised Moses).
Is credited for signing the first peace treaty with the Hittites.

Question 21

Sudanic sunday

Answer 21

The foundation of Egyptian Society.
Bantu migrations were part of Sudanic people who moved throughout Africa.
Sahara was green, but climatic changes caused the desert to form and Sudanic Migrations.
Monotheistic, single divine force that was source of good and evil. Rain association.
Religion changed to polytheistic due to Pharaohs declaring themselves divine.

Question 22

Kush

Answer 22

The most successful part of Nubia.
Strong kingdom.
They controlled Egypt after Assyrians and helped culture stay alive.
In Kush there was evidence of several female rulers.

Question 23

Kerma

Answer 23

The capitol of kush

Question 24

King kashta

Answer 24

He was one of the rulers of Egypt (During 100 years when Kush controlled Egypt

Question 25

Harkhuf

Answer 25

He was an Egyptian explorer who realized Nubia was a gold rich region

Question 26

Nubia

Answer 26

Nubia- South of Egypt
During the Middle Kingdom, Nubia was occupied by Egypt, which lead to Egyptian Golden Age.
Had a lot of money to work with which lead to Egyptian Golden Age.

Question 27

Amon-Re

Answer 27

Was a combination of two separate gods that was associated with the sun (Most Powerful in Egyptian Religion).

Question 28

Meroitic writing

Answer 28

Nubian Script that borrowed from Egyptian hieroglyphs, but also had their own unique culture.

Question 29

Assyrians

Answer 29

They invaded and conquered Egypt. They were in control until the Kush Empire overran them.

Question 30

King tut +Howard carter

Answer 30

King Tut was a Pharaoh who died when he was young, who is famous because he is the first Pharaoh not raided.
Howard Carter tried to find King Tut’s tomb. Lord Carnarvon of England funded his expeditions.
He begged Lord Carnarvon for one more expedition and finds door that says King Tut…
There was an inscription, “Whoever shall disturb the peace of the king, shall die.”
Many of the people on Carter’s team died.
He restored the belief from Monotheism to Polytheism.

Question 31

Great pyramid of Giza

Answer 31

Great Pyramid of Giza-
Is the pyramid, tomb, and resting place for King Khufu.
Is the only of the 7 Ancient Wonders of the World still standing today.

Question 32

Old kingdom

Answer 32

(aka the Pyramid Age) Built everything from the ground up.
Self sufficient
Pharaohs were created and viewed as gods for the first time.

Question 33

Middle Kingdom

Answer 33

Was considered a golden age
With gold from Nubia they were able to make advances in many things(art, literature,architecture)
Had extensive drainage systems built
Got taken over by the Hyksos in the end, but it also helped them make advancements in technology they adapted from them(chariots)
Pharaohs of the middle kingdom had less power than the pharaohs from the new and old kingdoms

Question 34

Women in egypt

Answer 34

Women en in Egypt had more equality than other civilizations
They could propose marriage and divorce
Social classes: Pharaohs, priests/nobles, merchants, farmers
Hieroglyphics was the Egyptian form of picture writing
Hieroglyphs translate to holy inscriptions in Greek

Question 35

New kingdom

Answer 35

Egypt became the most imperialistic (expanded all the way to Mesopotamia)
This made them interact with others and cultural diffusion occurred but this also led to the decline of the new kingdom
Hatshepsut took power and to ensure that people respected her as a pharaoh she wore a false beard to show her authority
She expanded the kingdom and expanded the amount of arable land that the Egyptians had access to