Eggs and Egg Products

Question 1

What are the 3 main steps of egg shell production and 3 types of farms?

Answer 1

Breeding stock –> hatchery —> egg produce farm

**free range **

free run

**battery cage systems **

Question 2

What are the 4 steps of egg processing?

Answer 2

**1. **collect eggs

**2. **Wash

**3. **edible vs inedible (grade and size)

**4. **store and transport

Question 3

Incorrect washing of eggs can introduce ______ into eggs mainly through removal of ________?

Answer 3

**Bacteria , cuticle **

use warmer water

mild cleaner

Dont scrub / spray excess

rinse with disinfectant

Dry egg

Question 4

Define inedible eggs and give some examples of why they are removed?

Answer 4

**eggs that are not food quality such as “condemned” meat **

• rotten/ moldy/ musty / sour / cracks
• green white (Pseudomonas)
• stuck yollks (excess storage time)
• blood rings or embyonic chicks
• abnormal candling findings

Question 5

Whats the importance of refrigerating eggs?

Answer 5

prevent embryo development

slows spoilage and age related changes in albumin

• can last 4 - 5 weeks
• 2 - 3 weeks at room temperature

Question 6

Antimicrobial defenses in storage of eggs?

Answer 6

Physical barriers

• eggshell, cuticle, shell membrane

antimicrobial proteins

• lyzosyme, IgA, IgM in albumin
• IgG in yolk

interior pH

• 7.6 - 7.9 or ca reach up to 9.7
  
  • increases as CO2 lost in storage
    
    • hinders bacteria growth

Question 7

what si the EPIA and what does it enforce in the egg industry?

Answer 7

Egg Product Inspection Act

**Mandatory : **

inspection of eggs/ egg products

pasteruzation of egg products

Question 8

**T/F : **the **FDA **regulates the safety of egg products and imported shell eggs?

Answer 8

**False **

FDA regulates the safety of shell eggs in the USA

**USDA **regulates the saftey of egg products and impoted shell eggs

Question 9

Exemptions from the EPIA?

Answer 9

• eggs from small farms ( < 3, 000 hens )
• farmer selling direct consumer for personal use

Question 10

Define adulterated eggs?

Answer 10

Modification or substitution of anything to make it appear better or of greater value than it is

any unsafe contaminate

• pesticide, additive, or dye

preparation in unsanitary/ filthy conditions

incubated

**damaged and then concealed **

Question 11

At what temperature and how long is pasteurzation of egg products?

Answer 11

140° F **(60 °C) **for 3.5 minutes

Question 12

T/F : EPIA mandates that eggs must be safe and not unhealthy as well as set the standards for egg quaity?

Answer 12

**False **

only mandates safe and not unhealthy

**USDA sets the standards for quality **

Question 13

What si the definition of size for egg quality?

Answer 13

**minimum net weight of a dozen eggs **

sorted by groups of size and then weighed as lots

Question 14

What 4 things is egg quality grading based upon and what are the grades?

Answer 14

1. egg shell
2. air cell
3. egg white
4. egg yolk

grade are AA, A, B

Question 15

Who performs egg grading and what will inspected eggs carry?

Answer 15

**1. USDA Agricultural marketing Service **

**2. State Agencies **

*** USDA **inspected eggs carry SHEILD

**​- **1/3 USA eggs

Question 16

**T/F: **hen health is **not **important?

Answer 16

False

of course it is important

Question 17

How are eggs graded based on shell quality?

Answer 17

shape and texutre

soundness

• no cracks/ leaks

shell surface clean and not stained

Question 18

What is the most common Egg - Borne Disease in USA?

Answer 18

Salmonella enteric enterica Enteritidis

• Salmonella spp.

Question 19

What does Salmonella Enteritidis infect of healthy appearing hens?

Answer 19

**ovaries **

Question 20

salmonella infection of humans?

Incubation period?

symptoms last ?

signs ?

Answer 20

**IP = **12 -72 hours

symptoms = 4 - 7 days

v/d, abdominal pain, chills, fever, headache

Question 21

Prevention methods of egg borne diseases in humans?

Answer 21

Pasteurization/ cooking

remove inedible eggs or denature if animal feed

reduce/ eliminate carrier hens

Question 22

What are table eggs?

Answer 22

shell eggs for consumer sale

Question 23

What is the SE rule for USA layer hens and describe some of its processes?

Answer 23

Farms that sell table eggs must have a control program in place for **Salmonella Enteritidis (SE) **

**- **bioseciurity/ pest control

**- **clean/ disinfect premises that are SE +

**- **procure/ raise SE pullets to replace retired hens

- regular** **environmental SE testing

• if + then must test eggs