Eggs and Egg Products Flashcards
What are the 3 main steps of egg shell production and 3 types of farms?
Breeding stock –> hatchery —> egg produce farm
**free range **
free run
**battery cage systems **
What are the 4 steps of egg processing?
**1. **collect eggs
**2. **Wash
**3. **edible vs inedible (grade and size)
**4. **store and transport
Incorrect washing of eggs can introduce ______ into eggs mainly through removal of ________?
**Bacteria , cuticle **
use warmer water
mild cleaner
Dont scrub / spray excess
rinse with disinfectant
Dry egg
Define inedible eggs and give some examples of why they are removed?
**eggs that are not food quality such as “condemned” meat **
- rotten/ moldy/ musty / sour / cracks
- green white (Pseudomonas)
- stuck yollks (excess storage time)
- blood rings or embyonic chicks
- abnormal candling findings
Whats the importance of refrigerating eggs?
prevent embryo development
slows spoilage and age related changes in albumin
- can last 4 - 5 weeks
- 2 - 3 weeks at room temperature
Antimicrobial defenses in storage of eggs?
Physical barriers
- eggshell, cuticle, shell membrane
antimicrobial proteins
- lyzosyme, IgA, IgM in albumin
- IgG in yolk
interior pH
- 7.6 - 7.9 or ca reach up to 9.7
- increases as CO2 lost in storage
- hinders bacteria growth
- increases as CO2 lost in storage
what si the EPIA and what does it enforce in the egg industry?
Egg Product Inspection Act
**Mandatory : **
inspection of eggs/ egg products
pasteruzation of egg products
**T/F : **the **FDA **regulates the safety of egg products and imported shell eggs?
**False **
FDA regulates the safety of shell eggs in the USA
**USDA **regulates the saftey of egg products and impoted shell eggs
Exemptions from the EPIA?
- eggs from small farms ( < 3, 000 hens )
- farmer selling direct consumer for personal use
Define adulterated eggs?
Modification or substitution of anything to make it appear better or of greater value than it is
any unsafe contaminate
- pesticide, additive, or dye
preparation in unsanitary/ filthy conditions
incubated
**damaged and then concealed **
At what temperature and how long is pasteurzation of egg products?
140° F **(60 °C) **for 3.5 minutes
T/F : EPIA mandates that eggs must be safe and not unhealthy as well as set the standards for egg quaity?
**False **
only mandates safe and not unhealthy
**USDA sets the standards for quality **
What si the definition of size for egg quality?
**minimum net weight of a dozen eggs **
sorted by groups of size and then weighed as lots
What 4 things is egg quality grading based upon and what are the grades?
- egg shell
- air cell
- egg white
- egg yolk
grade are AA, A, B
Who performs egg grading and what will inspected eggs carry?
**1. USDA Agricultural marketing Service **
**2. State Agencies **
*** USDA **inspected eggs carry SHEILD
**- **1/3 USA eggs
**T/F: **hen health is **not **important?
False
of course it is important
How are eggs graded based on shell quality?
shape and texutre
soundness
- no cracks/ leaks
shell surface clean and not stained
What is the most common Egg - Borne Disease in USA?
Salmonella enteric enterica Enteritidis
- Salmonella spp.
What does Salmonella Enteritidis infect of healthy appearing hens?
**ovaries **
salmonella infection of humans?
Incubation period?
symptoms last ?
signs ?
**IP = **12 -72 hours
symptoms = 4 - 7 days
v/d, abdominal pain, chills, fever, headache
Prevention methods of egg borne diseases in humans?
Pasteurization/ cooking
remove inedible eggs or denature if animal feed
reduce/ eliminate carrier hens
What are table eggs?
shell eggs for consumer sale
What is the SE rule for USA layer hens and describe some of its processes?
Farms that sell table eggs must have a control program in place for **Salmonella Enteritidis (SE) **
**- **bioseciurity/ pest control
**- **clean/ disinfect premises that are SE +
**- **procure/ raise SE pullets to replace retired hens
- regular** **environmental SE testing
- if + then must test eggs
