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AWS SA Associate > EFS, EBS and Storage Gateway > Flashcards

EFS, EBS and Storage Gateway Flashcards

1
Q

ISCSI, NFS, and SMB protocols are used for which gateway types.

A

ISCSI is for the Volume Gateway,

NFS/SMB is for File Gateway

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2
Q

When you create an EFS volume for multiple EC2 instances across multiple AZ’s, what else gets created by default?

A

Each instance will have an Elastic Network Interface created so it can access EFS

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3
Q

When you encrypt an EBS volume what 4 things to you get as a result in terms of data encryption?

A

Data

  • Encrypted at Rest
  • Encrypted In flight between Ec2 instance and the EBS volume
  • Encrypted Snapshots
  • Encrypted volumes create from snapshots
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4
Q

Which of the following EBS types can be used as boot volumes (2): GP2, IO1, ST1, SC1

A

GP2 and IO1

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5
Q

Is there a network impact in AWS when using EBS volumes in RAID1 configuration - why, why not?

A

Yes. EBS volumes are attached via the network to an instance. RAID1 will double the amount of traffic as data needs to be written to 2 volumes concurrently.

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6
Q

You have a workload that requires high throughput (MB/S) streaming workload. What is the best EBS type to use: GP2, IO1, ST1, SC1?

A

ST1 - ST is HDD backed and is optimised for workloads where MB/S is more important than IOPS

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7
Q

Which service encrypts EFS data at rest

A

KMS

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8
Q

Do you setup RAID in the AWS console, or the instance OS

A

Instance OS

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9
Q

Do you need to provision capacity in EFS. What impacts does this have on pricing?

A

No. You pay for what you use in EFS but it comes at 3x the cost as GP2

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10
Q

Can EC2 instances in different AZ’s connect to the same EFS volume?

A

Yes

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11
Q

What must you do when taking a snapshot of a RAID EBS volume which you don’t need to do when taking a snapshot of a standard EBS volume?

A
  1. Stop all applications writing to the volume
  2. Flush any disk caches
  3. Check the Ec2 instance is not writing to the volume and detach it
  4. Snapshot each EBS volume.
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12
Q

If an EBS volume is locked to an AZ, how can you copy it to a different AZ or region?

A

Create a snapshot and copy that to the new location and then create a volume based off the snapshot.

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13
Q

What happens to data on an instances root volume on instance termination?

A

All data is lost

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14
Q

For GP2 EBS Volume, how many IOPS are there per GB?

A

3IOPS/GB

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15
Q

For an IO1 EBS Volume, how many IOPS are there per GB?

A

50IOPS/GB

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16
Q

When restoring a snapshot, what would you use the fio and dd commands for?

A

Pre-warming the volume - this pulls the storage blocks from S3 and writes them to the volume

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17
Q

Does instance store data persist on an instances REBOOT?

A

Yes

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18
Q

What is the NFS default port?

A

2049

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19
Q

What does the Amazon Data Lifecycle Manager do with respect to snapshots

A

ADLM allows for the automatic creation of snapshots.

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20
Q

For both GP2 and IO1 EBS volumes what is the minimum number of IOPS a volume can have?

A

100

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21
Q

Do you need to detach the EBS volume which is being backup via a snapshot?

A

No, but it is recommended.

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22
Q

When taking a snapshot of an EBS volume, will this have an impact on IO?

A

Yes. Ideally these should be done outside of peak hours

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23
Q

For an ST1 EBS type, are IOPS an applicable measure?

A

No. ST volumes are HDD based and MB/S is the correct measure

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24
Q

The NFSv4.1 protocol is used for what type of AWS storage?

A

EFS

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25
Q

When you provision an EBS volume do you need to specify IOPS?

A

Yes

26
Q

What is the max number of snapshots per account?

A

100,000

27
Q

Are snapshots incremental?

A

Yes. Only changed blocks are backed up.

28
Q

Where is an instance store located?

A

On the physical machine running your EC2 instance.

29
Q

Can you increase the provisioned capacity of an EBS volume once its been created?

A

Yes

30
Q

Can AWS automatically backup and instance store?

A

No, backups must be done manually

31
Q

What are four uses of an instance store?

A

Cache, Scratch Data, Buffers, Temporary content. Basically, anything which is temporary, non-critical and can be recreated.

32
Q

Can you resize an instance store?

A

No

33
Q

Does instance store data persist on instance stop or termination?

A

No

34
Q

How many instances can an EBS volume be attached to?

A

Just one.

35
Q

On GP2 what can you do if you are seeing high IO without changing to IO2?

A

Increase the volume size as there is a 1GB:3IOPS ratio so increasing volume size will increase IOPS

36
Q

What is EFS?

A

A network based file system using NFSv4.1

37
Q

You are provisioning an EBS volume to support ETL, log processing and Map Reduce. What EBS volume should you use: GP2, IO1, ST1, SC1

A

ST1 because we need high throughput in terms of MB/Sec rather than IOPS

38
Q

Do EFS volumes require a security group?

A

Yes, your EFS volume must have an attached security group.

39
Q

What is the maximum IOPS for EBS GP2?

A

16,000 IOPS

40
Q

What do you use to control access to an EFS drive?

A

A security group

41
Q

Can you use EFS with Windows AMIs?

A

No, Linux only.

42
Q

If you are trying to mount an efs volume from an EC2 instance, and the mount command times out - what is the likely cause?

A

Port 2049 isn’t opened in the Security Group

43
Q

You are creating an EFS in a VPC with 3 subnets, 1 per AZ. By default, how many mount point targets are created?

A

3 - 1 per subnet in each AZ

44
Q

Does the maximum IOPS of 64K for an IO1 EBS volume apply to all instance types?

A

No, it applies to Nitro only. Otherwise its 32K IOPS

45
Q

Which RAID type can you use to increase IOPS performance?

A

RAID 0

46
Q

In a RAID 0 configuration, if one volume fails what happens to your data?

A

Its gone

47
Q

In what circumstance would you use RAID 0, what would are the impacts on fault tolerance if any?

A

When you need high IOPS and are not to worried about fault tolerance. Data is striped over multiple drives, so if one is lost the array is doomed. Good for use on a DB which has its own built in replication

48
Q

You have 2 EBS IO1 volumes of 4K provisioned IOPS adn 500GB capacity. What is the total pIOPS and size for these in a RAID 0 array?

A

8k pIOPS and 1000GB.

49
Q

What does RAID 1 provide

A

Fault tolerance

50
Q

There are 3 cloud native storage options in AWS. What are they and what technologies do they use in AWS?

A

File: EFS
Object: S3 + Glacier
Block: EBS, EC2 instance store
(FOB)

51
Q

What is the underlying storage technology for a File Gateway. How is this exposed and how do you SECURE (not encrypt) it?

A

The underlying technology is S3 via NFS . Access is controlled and secured by IAM roles. Port 2049 will need to be opened on the EC2 instance security group

52
Q

In AWS Storage Gateway, is data encrypted at rest by default?

A

No

53
Q

Do the File Gateway and Volume Gateway offer:
Stored Mode
Cached Mode

A

File Gateway offers a cached mode

Storage Gateway offers both cached and stored modes

54
Q

What do cached and stored modes in a VOLUME gateway do?

A

Stored: Primary data is stored locally and asynchronously backed up to AWS. Used for Low Latency access
Cached: Primary data is backed up to AWS and most frequently accessed data is cached in the volume gateway.

55
Q

There are three types of storage gateway. What are they?

A

File: Provides a file based NFS interface. Allows access to S3 data via standard protocols - NFS or SMB.

Tape: Used for presenting Virtual Tape library to backup software

Volume: Allows you to create block storage volumes and attach to an on premise or EC2 instance.

56
Q

What is the underlying storage technology for a volume and virtual tape gateway? What protocol are these exposed by?

A

these are EBS snapshots backed by S3 and exposed via iSCSI. For volume gateways, EBS snapshots are persisted on S3. For VTL they are persisted on S3 and accessed via iSCSI. VTL can also use Glacier.

57
Q

What action does a FILE gateway take to ensure low latency access to data

A

Most recently used data is cached on a file gateway

58
Q

If you need a high MB/S EBS volume which is accessed infrequently, what type of volume would you use?

A

SC1

59
Q

When would you use MAXIO mode on EFS

A

When you have 1000’s of EC2 instances connected to it.

60
Q

What is the process for encrypting an encrypted EBS volume?

A

Take a snapshot. Encrypt the snapshot by using copy to create and EBS volume from the snapshot and then attach the volume to an instance.

61
Q

By default, can an EBS volume created in 1 AZ be attached to an instance in a different AZ?

A

No. EBS volumes are locked to an AZ.

AWS SA Associate (21 decks)

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