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PT 753 Physical Agents > Effects > Flashcards

Effects Flashcards

1
Q

What are effects of spinal traction?

A
  1. distract jt surfaces
  2. reduce protrusions of nuclear disc material
  3. stretch soft tissues
  4. relax muscle
  5. mobilize joints
  6. reduce pain
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2
Q

What are the effects of cryotherapy (cold)?

A
  1. initial decrease in blood flow (vasoconstriction)
  2. Neuromuscular effects
    - decrease nerve conduction velocity
    - decrease muscle spasticity
    - increase pain threshold
    - alters muscle strength
    - facilitation of muscle contraction
  3. Decrease metabolic rate
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3
Q

What are the effects of thermotherapy (heat)?

A
  1. vasodilation
  2. Neuromuscular effects
    - change in nerve conduction velocity and firing rate
    - increase pain threshold
    - changes in muscle strength
  3. increase metabolic rate
  4. increase tissue extensibility
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4
Q

What are the effects of thermal US?

A
  1. effects on tendons, lig’s, jt capsules, and fascia
  2. very effective for heating small areas
  3. increase tissue temperature
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5
Q

What are the effects of non-thermal US?

A
  1. enhancing the healing responses
    - increase intracellular calcium
    - promotes cell function
    * *can be used in acute phase of healing
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6
Q

What are the effects of thermal Diathermy?

A

Same as thermal effects from other modalities.

**can heat larger areas and deeper tissues at same time.

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7
Q

What are the effects of non-thermal Diathermy?

A
  1. increased microvascular perfusion

2. alters cell membrane function and cellular activity

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8
Q

What are the effects of E-stim?

A
  1. stimulation of action potentials in nerves (NEMS)
  2. direct muscle depolarization (EMS) (this is for denervated muscle)
  3. Ionic effects (inflammation, tissue healing, reduce edema)
    - cathoide (-) attracts positive ions & repels negative ions
    - Anode (+) attracts negative ions & repels positive ions
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9
Q

What is galvanotaxis?

A

The process of e-stim to promote tissue healing primarily by ionic effects, attracting or repelling charged entities.

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10
Q

What is iontophoresis?

A

The use of e-stim to promote transdermal drug penetration.

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11
Q

What are the effects of using hydrotherapy?

A
  1. cleansing - softens materials, exerts pressure, debriding, can add antimicrobacterials or surfactant.
  2. musculoskeletel - buoyancy, hydrostatic pressure incr. resting blood flow, 100-225%
  3. cardiovascular - enhanced venous blood from extremities to trunk, if in up to neck central blood volume incr. by 60%, cardiac volume and cardiac output incr. 30%.
  4. Respiratory - full body immersion incr. work of breathing, humidity reduces exercise-induced asthma.
  5. Renal - incr. urin production from incr. renal blood flow & central blood volume, decreased ADH and aldosterone.
  6. Psychological - relaxing or invigoration.
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12
Q

What are the cleaning effects of using hydrotherapy?

A
  • softens materials
  • exerts pressure
  • debriding
  • can add antimicrobacterials or surfactant.
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13
Q

What are the musculoskeletel effects of using hydrotherapy?

A
  • buoyancy

- hydrostatic pressure incr. resting blood flow, 100-225%

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14
Q

What are the cardiovascular effects of using hydrotherapy?

A
  • enhanced venous blood from extremities to trunk

- if in up to neck central blood volume incr. by 60% & cardiac volume and output incr. 30%.

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15
Q

What are the respiratory effects of using hydrotherapy?

A
  • full body immersion incr. work of breathing

- humidity reduces exercise-induced asthma

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16
Q

What are the renal effects of using hydrotherapy?

A
  • incr. urin production from incr. renal blood flow & central blood volume
  • decreased ADH and aldosterone.
17
Q

What are the psychological effects of using hydrotherapy?

A
  • relaxing or invigoration.
18
Q

What are the effects of UV radiation?

A
  1. erythema production
  2. tanning
  3. epidermal hyperplasia
  4. vitimine D synthesis
  5. bacteriocidal
19
Q

What are the effects of UV radiation?

A
  1. erythema production
  2. tanning
  3. epidermal hyperplasia
  4. vitamin D synthesis
  5. bacteriocidal
20
Q

What are the effects of external compression?

A
  1. improves venous and lymph circulation
  2. limits shape and size of tissues
  3. incr. tissue temperature.
21
Q

What are the effects of laser & light therapy?

A
  1. promotes ATP production by mitochondria
  2. promotes collagen production by fibroblasts
  3. modulate inflammation
  4. inhibits bacterial growth
  5. promotes vasodilation
  6. alter nerve conduction velocity and regeneration

PT 753 Physical Agents (3 decks)

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