Effector T Lymphocytes Flashcards

1
Q

Broadly speaking, how do Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes kill infected cells?

A

Inducing apoptosis

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2
Q

What are the two mechanisms by which CTLs kill cells?

A

Granzyme + perforin – perforin makes a pore in the cell membrane through which granzyme can enter and trigger apoptosis
Fas ligand on T cell binds to Fas receptor on infected cell
When Fas has been engaged – it releases CASPASES
Both pathways upregulate CASPASES which drives apoptosis

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3
Q

What are the four main effector functions of CD4+ T Lymphocytes?

A

Macrophage Activation
B cell Activation
Delayed Type Hypersensitivity
Regulation

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4
Q

What are the two phases involved in Delayed Type Hypersensitivity?

A

Sensitisation – initial exposure to the antigen

Effector – delayed response

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5
Q

What are the five T helper cell subsets?

A

Th1 – inflammatory responses
Th2 – boosts anti-multicellular organism responses
Th17 – important in control of bacteria
Follicular T helper cells – essential for generation of isotype-switched antibodies
Treg – regulation of T cell responses

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6
Q

What is the main difference between T cell memory and B cell memory?

A

T cell memory doesn’t undergo isotype switching or affinity maturation – it does not get better

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