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Pharm Exam 1 > effective against > Flashcards

effective against Flashcards

1
Q

Natural Penicillins

-Pen G

A
  • *Narrow spec
  • Streptococci
  • non-penicillinase Staphylococci
  • some Gram positives
  • BUT few Gram negatives
  • No psuedomonas
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2
Q

Aminopenicillins

  • Amoxi
  • Ampi
A

Same spec as Pen G
+ Kills some Gram Neg (penetrate Outer membrane)

-susceptible to B-lactamase

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3
Q

Beta lactamse stable penicillins

  • Oxa
  • cloxa
  • dicloxa
  • methi
A
  • narrow spec
  • good for Staph/step (cloxacillin-mastitis)
  • No Gram neg
  • No MRSA
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4
Q

Extended Spectrum Penicillins

  • Ticarcillin
  • piperacillin
  • carbenacillin
A
  • *anti-Pseudomonas

- Gram negative

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5
Q

Cephalosporins (1st generation)

A
    • similar spec to Aminopenicillis
  • kill some B-lactamase Staph
  • Aerobic Gram -
  • *UTI, pyoderma, pneumonia
  • -Good for EMPIRICAL Tx

No Pseudomonas

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6
Q

1st generation cephalosporin Names

A
  • Cefa-droxil
  • Cefa-zolin
  • Cepha-pirin (vet) Cefa-Lak/Dri
  • Cepha-lexin
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7
Q

Cephalosporins (3rd generation)

A

More Gram Neg
-Pseudomonas

**less GramPos

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8
Q

3rd generation cephalosporin Names

A

Cef-podoxime (dogs) Simplicef® - tabs
Cef-tiofur (cattle) Naxcel® - inject
Cef-ovecin (dog/cats) Covenia®

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9
Q

side effects of cephalosporins

A

vomit/diarrhea w/ PO

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10
Q

Carbapenems

A

= Imipenem (Primaxin)

  • *broadest spectrum of Beta Lactams
  • faster
  • Gram Neg Sepsis (w/ less endotoxins)

–need cilastin to avoid nephrotox

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11
Q

Tetracycline & oxytetracycline spectrum

A
  • intracellular
    1. lepto
    2. Bovine/swine Respiratory Dz (mycoplasma)
    3. Tick born pathogens (richettsia)
    4. chlamydia
  • *Doxy bigger spectrum + CNS penetration

Generally

  • *anti-inflammatory properties!
  • NO anaerobes
  • NO staph
  • NO pseudomonas
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12
Q

Absorption of
–tetra- oxytetra- chlortetra-
VS
–doxy- minocycline

A

Tetra/ oxytetra/chlortetra

  • -EMPTY stomach
  • -IV / IM better

Doxy/Minocycline

    • better absorption
    • less for horses (fiber)
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13
Q

What are tetracyclines used for?

A
  • UTI
  • lung parenchyma/ bronchial secretions
  • sputum
  • synovial fluid
  • ** fluid w/in eye globe
  • **Prostate~~~
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14
Q

Names of Aminoglycoside drugs

A

Gentamicin
Amikacin (doesn’t follow the “mycin” rule)
**broadest spec/ less toxicity/ less resistance
Kanamycin
Tobramycin (ophthalmic use)
Neomycin (large animal feed additive – topical use

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15
Q

Spectrum of Aminoglycosides

A

Gram NEGATIVE

Aerobes

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16
Q

What receptor increases Aminoglycosides in Renal/ cochlear cells?

A

phosphatidylinositol

17
Q

Quinolones names

A

Enrofloxacin (Baytril®)
Orbofloxacin (Orbax®)
Marbofloxacin (Zeniquin®)
Difloxacin

Danofloxacin
Sarafloxacin

18
Q

Quinolone spectrum

A

Gram negative
AEROBES
- Rickettsia , salmonella, pseudomonas
* newer generations = better Gram Pos

No to:

  • MRSA
  • Strep
  • Pseudomonas (sometimes)
19
Q

What species can Baytril be used for in food animal?

A
  • Beef
  • non-lactating dairy
  • Swine

**NO poultry

20
Q

Sulfonamides

A
  1. sulfa-diazine (w/ Trimethoprim) = Tribissen
  2. sulfa-dimethoxine (w/ Ormetoprim) = Primor
  3. sulfa-dimethoxine ALONE = Albon
    • non-lactating, calves
  4. sulfa-salazine –Anti-inflammatory (colon)
21
Q

What are the potentiating agents for sulfas & what do they do?`

A

Trimethoprim
Ormetoprim
– Block formation of THFA
—> cidal effects

22
Q

What are the adverse rxns to sulfas?

A
  1. Dry eye – tx w/ cyclosporin

Delayed hypersens rxn

  1. Glamerulopathy
  2. Polymyositis/polyarthritis
  3. rash
  4. thrombocytopenia, Neutropenia, anemia
  5. hepatic necrosis

7 interferes w/ thyroid synth –boarderline dogs

23
Q

Indications for sulfas

A
  1. pyoderma
  2. UTI
  3. Resp infections
  4. protozoal infection
24
Q

Sulfasalazine

A
    • Sulfa + 5-ASA (asprin-like)

- -5-ASA = mesalamine cleaved off by bacteria in COLON –> blocks PG releases –> anti-inflamm

25
Q

Macrolides

A

Erythromycin

Tylosin (Tylan®) 
   = pink eye tx 
   = swine dysentary 
   = cattle resp tract
   = chronic diarrhea in dogs

Tilmicosin –suicide drug
= Bovine resp dz (& sheep)

26
Q

Lincosamides

A

Lincomycin
Clindamycin

  • S. aureus -osteomyelitis
  • dental infections/abscesses
27
Q

Florfenicol

A
  • excellent CNS penetration
  • Cattle/swine
  • *aplastic anemia in ppl

Pharm Exam 1 (6 decks)

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