EFAs Flashcards
- A 73 year old woman reports increasing fatigue. She has noticed intermittent double vision, usually in the evening. She is a smoker. Her only regular medication is levothyroxine sodium. There is bilateral mild ptosis. Visual acuity and fundoscopy are normal. The rest of the neurological examination is normal.
Which is the most likely diagnosis?
Guillain–Barré syndrome
Migraine
Multiple sclerosis
Myasthenia gravis
Stroke
Myasthenia gravis
- A 67 year old man has 3 weeks of confusion and disorientation. He also has headaches that are worse in the morning and associated with vomiting. He had a non-small cell lung cancer that was treated with radical radiotherapy 2 years ago. His BP is 162/93 mmHg. He has no focal neurological signs.
Which is the most likely diagnosis?
Cerebral metastases
Hypercalcaemia
Hyponatraemia
Paraneoplastic encephalitis
Severe hypertension
Cerebral metastases
- A 32 year old man has recurrent right-sided throbbing headache lasting up to 8 hours associated with nausea. The headache is usually preceded by a small area of visual loss that resolves. These headaches cause him to take time off work up to four times each month.
Which is the most appropriate treatment to reduce the frequency of these episodes?
Acupuncture
Gabapentin
Propranolol hydrochloride
Sumatriptan
Venlafaxine
Propranolol hydrochloride
- A 40 year old woman has 12 hours of a severe headache of sudden onset. When the headache started, she collapsed and vomited; she has continued to vomit intermittently. She has a past history of infrequent migraine headaches.
Neurological examination is normal. A non-contrast CT scan of brain is normal.
What is the most appropriate next step in management?
Carotid Doppler studies
Lumbar puncture
MR scan of brain
MR imaging of brain with MR venography
No future investigations required
Lumbar puncture
- A 46 year old woman attends the Emergency Department with fever, headache and confusion, which have developed over several hours. She finds it impossible to lift her head from the pillow and resists your attempts to feel her neck.
Her temperature is 38.1°C, pulse rate 105 bpm and BP 110/60 mmHg. Her GCS score is 14. A CT scan of her head is normal. A lumbar puncture is performed.
Which are the most likely observations in the cerebrospinal fluid?
High pressure, normal protein, excess red cells
High pressure, raised protein, excess neutrophils
Normal pressure, normal protein, excess lymphocytes
Normal pressure, raised protein, excess neutrophils
Normal pressure, normal protein, no cells
High pressure, raised protein, excess neutrophils
- A 17 year old boy has repeated episodes characterised by a funny ‘racing’ sensation in his abdomen, followed by loss of awareness. His girlfriend describes that he has a vacant stare and waves his left arm around in a writhing manner during these attacks.
Which is the most likely site of origin of these episodes?
Cerebellum
Right frontal lobe
Right occipital lobe
Right parietal lobe
Right temporal lobe
Right temporal lobe
- A 18 year old woman has 6 hours of severe dizziness and nausea. She says that the room is constantly spinning round and she has vomited several times. The dizziness is worse when she opens her eyes. She reports that her hearing has not changed.
She has nystagmus with the fast phase to the left, which does not fatigue.
Which is the most likely diagnosis?
Benign positional vertigo
Cerebellar tumour
Ménière’s disease
Vestibular migraine
Vestibular neuronitis
Vestibular neuronitis
- A 56 year old woman develops vertigo, nausea, vomiting and intense occipital headache of sudden onset. She is unable to walk without falling. She has a history of hypertension treated with ramipril.
Her temperature is 37.4°C, pulse rate 94 bpm, BP 146/92 mmHg, respiratory rate 12 breaths per minute and oxygen saturation 96% breathing air. She has multidirectional nystagmus and some clumsiness of her right arm.
Which is the most likely diagnosis?
Acute labyrinthitis
Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo
Cerebellar stroke
Ménière’s disease
Multiple sclerosis
Cerebellar stroke
- A 70 year old man has a brief episode of twitching that starts in his left hand and spreads up the arm over 2 minutes, then stops. His arm feels weak for an hour afterwards. He had an ischaemic stroke affecting his left side 6 months ago with good functional recovery. He has a history of type 2 diabetes mellitus and is taking clopidogrel, metformin, ramipril and simvastatin. He is anxious about a further stroke. There is no weakness on neurological examination. Which is the most likely diagnosis?
Functional episode
Hypoglycaemia
Migraine
Partial seizure
Right hemisphere transient ischaemic attack
Partial seizure
A 30 year old woman has severe headache 24 hours after a spinal anaesthetic. Her temperature is 37.1°C, pulse rate 90 bpm and BP 120/80 mmHg. Which is the most likely diagnosis?
Low pressure headache
Meningitis
Migraine
Subarachnoid haemorrhage
Subdural haemorrhage
Low pressure headache
A 46 year old man has 2 days of sharp central chest pain that radiates into his back and is worse on inspiration. His temperature is 37.8°C, pulse rate 102 bpm, BP 100/72 mmHg, respiratory rate 18 breaths per minute and oxygen saturation 94% breathing air. Heart sounds are normal. Brachial pulses in both arms are synchronous.
Investigations:
D dimers 0.6 mg/L (<0.5)
Troponin T 0.5 µg/L (<0.01)
CRP 33 mg/L (<5)
ECG: see image
Which is the most likely diagnosis?
Acute coronary syndrome
Aortic dissection
Musculoskeletal chest pain
Pericarditis
Pneumonia
Pericarditis
- A 75 year old man becomes unresponsive in the cardiac catheter laboratory. He was admitted with an acute anterior myocardial infarction. He is unconscious. Cardiac monitoring shows a broad complete tachycardia.
Which is the most appropriate immediate treatment?
Adenosine
Amiodarone
DC cardioversion
Lidocaine
Primary coronary intervention
DC cardioversion
- A 32 year old man presents to the Emergency Department with 60 minutes of palpitations that started after a three mile run. They is associated with breathlessness and dizziness.
Investigations:
ECG (see image)
Which best describes the ECG finding?
Atrial fibrillation
First degree heart block
Sinus tachycardia
Supraventricular tachycardia
Ventricular tachycardia
Supraventricular tachycardia
- A 27 year old man has severe central chest pain. He admits to using cocaine shortly before the onset of the chest pain, but says that he had used it on only two previous occasions.
He is distressed and sweating. His pulse rate is 115 bpm and BP 118/68 mmHg. An ECG shows sinus tachycardia with ST elevation in the lateral leads, and several ventricular ectopics.
Which is the mechanism by which cocaine has caused this acute episode?
Blockade of myocyte repolarisation
Coronary artery spasm
Enhanced platelet aggregation
Increased systemic vascular resistance
Rupture of pre-existing arterial plaques
Coronary artery spasm
- A 27 year old man is brought to the Emergency Department with left-sided chest pain of sudden onset that is worse on taking a deep breath.
His temperature is 36.8°C, pulse rate 126 bpm, BP 108/60 mmHg, respiratory rate 28 breaths per minute and oxygen saturation 94% breathing air.
Investigations:
ECG: sinus tachycardia
Which is the most appropriate next investigation?
Chest X-ray
CT pulmonary angiography
D dimers
Echocardiography
Ventilation/perfusion isotope lung scan
Chest X-ray
- A 65 year old woman had a mechanical aortic valve replacement and coronary revascularisation 3 days ago. She is being treated with dalteparin sodium. She is also taking aspirin long term.
Which is the most appropriate long-term patient management?
Apixaban
Clopidogrel
Continue dalteparin sodium
Rivaroxaban
Warfarin sodium
Warfarin sodium
- A 73 year old man collapses on the surgical ward 24 hours after having a sigmoid volvulus reduced by sigmoidoscopy.
He has no pulse and an ECG shows asystole. Chest compressions and ventilation are started. The cardiac arrest team are with the patient.
Which is the most appropriate next step in management?
Cardiac defibrillation
Intravenous 0.9% sodium chloride
Intravenous adrenaline/epinephrine
Intravenous atropine sulfate
Transcutaneous pacing
Intravenous adrenaline/epinephrine
- A 39 year old man has had fever, chills and generalised weakness for 1 month. He has a history of systolic heart murmur. He is an intravenous drug user.
Investigations:
White cell count 15 × 109/L (3.0–10.0)
Erythrocyte sedimentation rate 55 mm/hr (<20)
Blood cultures are awaited.
Which further investigation will help to establish the diagnosis?
Chest X-ray
ECG
Nasal swabs
Transoesophageal echocardiogram
Urine dipstick analysis
Transoesophageal echocardiogram
- A 79 year old man attends the Emergency Department with 2 hours of chest pain and lightheadedness.
His ECG is shown (see image).
Which is the most likely explanation for the ECG findings?
Aortic dissection
Hyperkalaemia
Myocardial infarction
Pericarditis
Pulmonary embolism
Myocardial infarction
- A 65 year old woman had a stroke 2 weeks ago causing right arm weakness and dysphasia. CT scan of head showed a left parietal lobe infarct. Her medication since the stroke includes aspirin and simvastatin.
Her pulse rate is 82 bpm and irregular.
Investigations:
ECG: atrial fibrillation, rate 68 bpm.
Which is the most appropriate long-term plan for secondary stroke prevention?
Apixaban
Aspirin
Aspirin and dipyridamole
Clopidogrel
Ticagrelor
Apixaban
- A 92 year old woman has severe neck, chest and back pain and tingling in her left hand following a mechanical fall. She has bruising around her right eye.
Investigations:
CT scan of head no intracranial injury or bleed, mild small vessel disease; right orbital fracture
Chest X-ray lung fields clear; left sided 4th rib fracture
Full blood count and clotting screen are normal.
Which is the most appropriate next investigation?
A. Cervical spine X-ray
B. CT angiography
C. CT scan of chest
D. CT scan of neck
E. MR scan of brain
D. CT scan of neck
- A 65 year old woman has an infective exacerbation of COPD.
Her temperature is 37.8°C, pulse rate 108 bpm, BP 100/75mmHg, respiratory rate 26 breaths per minute and oxygen saturation 88% breathing 15 L/minute oxygen via a non-rebreather mask. She is alert.
Investigations:
Arterial blood gas on 15 L/min oxygen
pH 7.28 (7.35–7.45)
PO2 7.2 kPa (11–15)
PCO2 8.9 kPa (4.6–6.4)
Bicarbonate 31.3 mmol/L (22–30)
Lactate 1.2 mmol/L (1–2)
Which is the most appropriate next management option?
A. Continuous positive airway pressure
B. Invasive ventilation
C. Nasal high flow oxygen
D. Nasopharyngeal airway
E. Non-invasive ventilation
E. Non-invasive ventilation
- A 50 year old woman has acute onset of shortness of breath. She underwent a laparoscopic cholecystectomy 10 days ago.
Her temperature is 37.4°C, pulse rate 104 bpm, BP 122/80 mmHg, respiratory rate 24 breaths per minute and oxygen saturation 94% breathing air. Her chest is clear. She has minimal tenderness over the right hypochondrium.
Which is the most likely diagnosis?
A. Myocardial infarction
B. Pancreatitis
C. Pneumonia
D. Pulmonary embolus
E. Subphrenic abscess
D. Pulmonary embolus
- A 16 year old girl presents to the Emergency Department after an episode of loss of consciousness following a fall. She had consumed an excessive amount of alcohol at a party before the fall.
She has a dirty scalp wound and cannot remember recent events. Her pulse rate is 68 bpm, BP 110/80 mmHg and oxygen saturation 98% breathing air. She opens her eyes to command and is confused. Her capillary blood glucose is 6.0 mmol/L.
Her wound is cleaned and sutured.
Which is the most appropriate immediate management plan?
A. Admit and observe for 24 h
B. CT scan of head
C. Discharge with head injury instructions
D. Refer to neurosurgeon
E. X-ray of skull
B. CT scan of head
- A 63 year old man with COPD has had an increase in cough for 2 days. He now has pain of sudden onset in the right side of his chest radiating to the right shoulder, and increasing breathlessness.
Chest X-ray: see image.
Which is the most likely cause of his acute deterioration?
A. Acute myocardial infarction
B. Diaphragmatic hernia
C. Lobar pneumonia
D. Pneumothorax
E. Pulmonary embolus
D. Pneumothorax
- An 18 year old man is in the intensive care unit with septic shock as a result of a compound fracture of his leg. His urine output has been <30 mL for the past 2 hours.
His pulse rate is 125 bpm, BP 85/40 mmHg and JVP 4 cm above the sternal angle. There are basal crackles on auscultation of the chest.
Investigations:
ECG shows sinus rhythm, 125 bpm.
He is being treated with intravenous 0.9% sodium chloride at 125 mL/h and antibiotics.
Which is the most appropriate additional intravenous treatment?
A. 500 mL 0.9% sodium chloride over 15 min
B. 500 mL Hartmann’s solution over 15 min
C. Dopamine hydrochloride
D. Furosemide
E. Noradrenaline/norepinephrine
E. Noradrenaline/norepinephrine
- A 43 year old woman is admitted to hospital with an overdose of amitriptyline hydrochloride taken 4 hours previously. She has a history of chronic headache.
Her pulse rate is 105 bpm and BP 95/40 mmHg. She is drowsy and her pupils are dilated. ECG shows significant QRS prolongation.
Which is the most appropriate immediate management option?
A. Activated charcoal
B. Intravenous amiodarone hydrochloride
C. Intravenous atropine sulfate
D. Intravenous magnesium
E. Intravenous sodium bicarbonate
E. Intravenous sodium bicarbonate
- A 60 year old man has 2 days of a swollen, painful right leg. He has a history of hypertension and takes ramipril. He is otherwise well.
He has a swollen right leg. The remainder of the examination is normal.
Investigations:Haemoglobin 140 g/L (130–175)
White cell count 8.0 × 109/L (3.8–10.0)
Platelets 340 × 109/L (150–400)Creatinine 94 µmol/L (60–120)
Calcium 2.5 mmol/L (2.2–2.6)ALT 30 IU/L (10–50)
ALP 99 IU/L (25–115)APTT 30 seconds (22–41)
PT 12 seconds (10–12)
Urinalysis: normal
Chest X-ray: normal
Venous duplex ultrasound scan: thrombus in superficial femoral vein
Which is the most appropriate additional investigation?
A. CT of abdomen and pelvis
B. Serum carcinoembryonic antigen
C. Serum prostate specific antigen
D. Serum protein electrophoresis
E. Ultrasonography of abdomen
A. CT of abdomen and pelvis
- A 23 year old man is admitted to the acute surgical ward with appendicitis and is prepared for theatre. Although he has not eaten for 24 hours, he has been vomiting on and off all day.
Which airway device provides protection for the lungs from regurgitated stomach contents?
A. Guedel (oral) airway
B. i-gel ® (supraglottic) airway
C. Laryngeal mask airway
D. Nasopharyngeal airway
E. Tracheal tube
E. Tracheal tube
- An 80 year old woman is admitted to the Emergency Department after being found collapsed at home. She has central chest pain.
Her pulse rate is 30 bpm, BP 70/40 mmHg and respiratory rate 26 breaths per minute. Her 12-lead ECG shows sinus bradycardia with no evidence of myocardial ischaemia.
Which is the most appropriate initial treatment?
A. Adrenaline/epinephrine
B. Atropine sulfate
C. Dobutamine
D. Normal saline
E. Permanent cardiac pacemaker
B. Atropine sulfate
- A 65 year old man has sudden pain and redness in his ᅠright eye. He also has a headache and nausea.
Visual acuity isᅠ 6/60 ᅠin the right eye. The eye is congested, with a hazy cornea and mid-dilated pupil.
Which is the most likely diagnosis?
A. Acute glaucoma
B. Conjunctivitis
C. Corneal ulcer
D. Scleritis
E. Uveitis
A. Acute glaucoma
- An 80 year old man presents to the Emergency Department with dizziness and melaena of recent onset. He has a metallic mitral valve and is taking aspirin and warfarin sodium. His pulse rate is 80 bpm and BP 122/70 mmHg.
Investigations:
Haemoglobin 105 g/L (130–175)
White cell count 7.0 × 109/L (3.8–10.0)
Platelets 676 × 109/L (150–400)
INR 9.6 (1.0)
He is treated with intravenous vitamin K and is blood cross-matched.
What is the most appropriate additional treatment?
A. Fresh frozen plasma
B. Pantoprazole
C. Protamine sulfate
D. Prothrombin complex concentrate
E. Tranexamic acid
D. Prothrombin complex concentrate
- A 62 year old man presents to the Emergency Department following a road traffic collision. He has severe bruising of the right upper shoulder from the seat belt, but no other injuries.
Chest X-ray to exclude a pneumothorax shows a 2 cm mass in the right upper zone.
Which is the most appropriate next investigation?
A. CT scan of chest
B. Lateral chest X-ray
C. MR scan of chest
D. PET scan of chest
E. Technetium bone scan
A. CT scan of chest
- A 46 year old man has a cardiac arrest in the Emergency Department after an episode of chest pain. He remains in ventricular fibrillation after three DC shocks, and he is treated with a bolus of intravenous adrenaline/epinephrine.
Which other drug treatment should be administered at the same time?
A. Alteplase
B. Amiodarone hydrochloride
C. Atropine sulfate
D. Lidocaine
E. Magnesium sulfate
B. Amiodarone hydrochloride
- A 45 year old woman is feeling unwell with a severe sore throat. She has schizophrenia and started taking clozapine 4 months ago.
Her temperature is 39.0°C. She has an ulcerated throat with tonsillar exudate.
Blood cultures have been sent.
What additional investigation is most likely to establish the underlying cause?
A. Clozapine concentration
B. Creatine kinase
C. Full blood count
D. Lumbar puncture
E. Throat swab
C. Full blood count
- A 22 year old man has taken an overdose of 16 paracetamol tablets. He became very sad earlier that day after an argument with a friend. His mood changes between being happy and sad several times per week. He gets bored easily and has never been able to settle well into school, college or work. He has always been impulsive. He has never experienced psychotic symptoms.
Which is the most likely diagnosis?
A. Adjustment disorder
B. Bipolar disorder
C. Borderline personality disorder
D. Dissocial personality disorder
E. Unipolar depressive episode
C. Borderline personality disorder
- A 25 year old woman is brought to the resuscitation room of the Emergency Department after being hit by a car. She is 32 weeks pregnant. Her cervical spine is immobilised.
She is conscious and asks about her baby. Her temperature is 36.7°C, pulse rate 112 bpm, BP 82/60 mmHg and oxygen saturation 99% breathing 40% oxygen. Fluid resuscitation has been started and bloods have been sent.
Which is the most appropriate next step?
A. Image the long bones and pelvis, and orthopaedic review
B. Perform a full primary survey
C. Scan the baby and arrange fetal monitoring
D. Transfer to theatre for immediate delivery of baby
E. X-ray cervical spine
B. Perform a full primary survey
- A 30 year old woman has vaginal bleeding 12 hours after an uncomplicated vaginal delivery.She has a large pool of blood between her legs. Her pulse rate is 120 bpm, BP 96/60 mmHg, respiratory rate 26 breaths per minute and oxygen saturation 96% breathing oxygen 4 L/min via nasal cannulae.She is treated with an IV fluid bolus, and the obstetrician is informed.
Which is the most appropriate next management step?
A. Activate major haemorrhage protocol
B. Give IV noradrenaline/norepinephrine
C. Give IV oxytocin
D. Give IV tranexamic acid
E. Increase oxygen to 15 L/min via a non-rebreather mask
A. Activate major haemorrhage protocol
- A 51 year old woman is found collapsed on the medical ward. She was admitted 24 hours ago with pyelonephritis and is being treated with intravenous antibiotics. She has a history of type 1 diabetes and has been taking her usual doses of subcutaneous insulin.She is unconscious and clammy. Her capillary blood glucose is 1.8 mmol/L.
Which is the most appropriate immediate treatment?
A. 20 mL of 50% glucose by slow intravenous injection
B. 75 mL of 20% glucose by intravenous infusion
C. 150 mL of 5% glucose by intravenous infusion
D. Glucagon 1 mg by intramuscular injection
E. Glucose gel 25 g (contains 10 g glucose) applied to buccal mucosa
B. 75 mL of 20% glucose by intravenous infusion
- A 68 year old man presents to the Emergency Department feeling generally unwell with no specific symptoms. He is being treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy for oesophageal cancer. He underwent the third cycle 8 days ago.His temperature is 38.1°C, pulse rate 96 bpm, BP 132/68 mmHg, respiratory rate 14 breaths per minute and oxygen saturation 96% breathing air. Examination is otherwise unremarkable. Blood tests have been taken, but results are not yet available.
Which is the most appropriate next step in management?
A. Admit to medical receiving unit
B. Await blood results before taking further action
C. Discuss with local oncology team for advice
D. Give intravenous broad-spectrum antibiotics
E. Give intravenous fluid therapy
D. Give intravenous broad-spectrum antibiotics
- A 59 year old woman with metastatic lung cancer has back pain of new onset at the T10 level. She has also developed leg weakness and urinary retention.
Which is the most appropriate investigation?
a. CT of spine
b. Isotope bone scan
c. MR imagining of spine
d. PET-CT
e. X-Ray of thoracic and lumbar spine
c. MR imagining of spine
- A 24-year-old woman develops low back pain the day after falling while playing hockey. She is usually well and takes no regular medication. She is a secondary school teacher.
Which is the most appropriate advice?
a. Avoid work until the pain has completely settled
b. Back strengthening exercises
c. Bed rest until pain improves, then gradual mobilisation
d. Continue usual activity
e. Self referral for physiotherapy
d. Continue usual activity
- A 46 year old woman has 6 months of a painful, stiff right shoulder. The pain is dull and worse at night. There is no history of trauma. She has type 1 diabetes mellitus. She has reduced passive and active range of movement in the right shoulder with pain at extremes of range of motion. Neck movements are normal. Power and sensation are normal. Her erythrocyte sedimentation rate is 12 mm/hr (<20).
Which is the most likely diagnosis?
a. Adhesive capsulitis
b. Glenohumeral osteoarthritis
c. Polymyalgia rheumatica
d. Rotator cuff tear
e. Subacromial bursitis
a. Adhesive capsulitis
- A 78 year old woman has back pain and bilateral leg weakness. She had surgery for breast cancer 14 years ago. She had a minor fall at home a few days ago.
She has weakness of hip flexion bilaterally
Which is the most likely diagnosis?
a. Lumbar disc prolapse
b. Mechanical back pain
c. Osteomalacia
d. Osteoporotic vertebral collapse
e. Spinal cord compression
e. Spinal cord compression
- A 52-year-old woman has 2 days of a painful, swollen right knee and fever. She has a history of rheumatoid arthritis and takes methotrexate and Etanercept. Her temperature is 38.2°C, pulse rate 100 bpm and BP 119/83 mmHg. The right knee is swollen and erythematous, with an obvious effusion.
Investigations:
White cell count 17.1 × 109/L (3.8–10.0)
Urea 6.7 mmol/L (2.5–7.8)
Creatinine 98 µmol/L (60–120)
CRP 180 mg/L (<5)
Joint aspiration: no organisms on Gram stain, white cell count 3500/µL (<200), mostly neutrophils, no crystals.
She is advised to take oral paracetamol.
Which is the most appropriate additional management?
a. Inject methylprednisolone into the joint
b. No further treatment pending culture results
c. Start intravenous flucloxacillin
d. Start oral colchicine
e. Start oral prednisolone
c. Start intravenous flucloxacillin
- A 69-year-old man has 6 months of back pain extending into his buttocks and back of his thighs. The pain is worse on standing and on walking and is relieved when he sits down and leans forward. He has diet-controlled type 2 diabetes mellitus. He is an ex-smoker with a 40 pack-year history.
His BP is 178/95 mmHg. He has weakness of hip flexion bilaterally. His peripheral pulses are palpable.
Which is the most likely diagnosis?
a. Diabetic amyotrophy
b. Lumbar disc prolapse
c. Lumbar spinal stenosis
d. Osteoarthritis of hips
e. Peripheral arterial disease
c. Lumbar spinal stenosis
- A 61-year-old woman has 1 year of worsening bilateral knee pain caused by osteoarthritis. Her pain is partially controlled by regular paracetamol and ibuprofen gel. She remains active. She has ischaemic heart disease and a history of peptic ulcers. Her medication includes bisoprolol fumarate, aspirin and simvastatin. She has crepitus on active and passive movements of both knees. There is no effusion. Her BMI is 30 kg/m2.
Which is the most appropriate management?
a. Add celecoxib
b. Add oral ibuprofen and lansoprazole
c. Refer for acupuncture
d. Refer for knee replacement surgery
e. Switch paracetamol to regular co-codamol
e. Switch paracetamol to regular co-codamol
- A 39-year-old woman has 1 month of pain on the radial side of her right wrist. The pain is worse when she grips her gardening tools. She has no history of trauma. She has swelling and tenderness over the distal end of the right radial styloid. The pain is exacerbated by ulnar deviation of the wrist when the thumb is clasped in the palm.
Which is the most likely diagnosis?
a. De Quervain tendinopathy
b. Ganglion cyst
c. Intersection syndrome
d. Osteoarthritis of the trapeziometacarpal joint
e. Scaphoid fracture
a. De Quervain tendinopathy