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EENT Final > EENY final > Flashcards

EENY final Flashcards

1
Q

When do you perform RADT

A

When Criteria is 2 or 3 points

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2
Q

When is RADT pointless

A

When there is Scarlett fever, people around pt have it, Pt previously on antibiotics for strep

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3
Q

what is trismus and what diagnoses is it asso. with

A

spasm of facial or jaw muscles/ peritonsillar abscess(quinsy), Ludwig angina, epiglottis

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4
Q

what is gold standard for perit. abscess/ common symptoms

A

needle aspiration/ u/l tonsillar swelling, uvula deviated

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5
Q

supurrative complications of strep

A

Abscesses

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6
Q

Ludwig def./ symptoms

A

infxn of submental space/severe trismus, drooling, airway obstr, collar edema, tongue lifting/ could be fatal

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7
Q

DDX of chronic sore throat: irritation

A

reflux, vocal chord hygiene, post nasal drip,

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8
Q

DDX of chronic sore throat: neoplastic

A

all the throat carcinomas + retrosternal tumor

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9
Q

globus? random reasons?

A

lump in throat unrelated to swallowing/ stricture, web, gerd, osteophyte,

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10
Q

diptheria symptoms

A

blue white membrane/ corn. bacteria bad endotoxin can cause cardiac depression

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11
Q

retropharyn. abscess symptoms/ usually due to?

A

anterior bulging hot potato voice, fever, stiff neck, stridor/ dental infection

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12
Q

epiglottitis symptoms/ what bug?

A

hot potato, high fever >102, thumb print sign, stridor, head anterior /H flu

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13
Q

outer eye structures?

A

conjunctiva=bulbar(corner of eye)
Palpebral(under the lids)
Sclera= preserves shape and protects inner layers
cornea= outer protective transparent covering

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14
Q

middle eye structures?

A

uvea- ciliary body,iris, choroid, lens
Iris- controls mydrhysis and myosis of pupil
ciliary body- aqueous humor fills anterior chamber - used for light refractory
vitrous body-jelly like substance in interior of eye ball behind lens-incloses vitrous humor
choroid-major blood supply to eye

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15
Q

What should we not do to an eye after a trauma

A

DONT PUSH ON IT

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16
Q

what is technically ok on a snellen chart to not be worried

A

if one line is wrong more suggests corneal abrasion, retinal detachment or lens dilocation

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17
Q

treatment on 1st and second day of eye trauma

A

1st ice 2nd heat

bromelain, plant enzymes

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18
Q

aconite

A

abrasions of the eye

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19
Q

symphytum

A

blunt trauma

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20
Q

arnica

A

injuries to orbit

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21
Q

symptoms of subconjuctival hemm.

A

a spontaneous patch of red over sclera, no vision loss happens in people with vasculature issues ie diabetes

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22
Q

what structures are associated with a painful red eye

A

cornea and iris

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23
Q

eyes are painful but not red

A

may come from sinuses, orbit, neuropathic

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24
Q

eyes are red but not painful

A

subconjunctival hemm or conjunctivitis

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25
Q

red eye with impaired vision

A

refer could be iritis, AAG or corneal disease

26
Q

abrupt onset of red eye? what is hyperacute

A

gonoc. conjunct.

27
Q

subacute red eye (1-3 days) most likely what?

A

conjunctivitis

28
Q

chronic or persistent causes of red eye

A

chlam., staph blepharitis, moraxella bacteria

29
Q

recurrent red eye causes

A

allergic conjunctivitis, reiters( recurrent iritis)

30
Q

red eye with photophobia causes

A

uveitis, iritis, corneal dz, AAG

31
Q

conjunctivitis symptoms

A

mild discomfort- acute/subacute

32
Q

conjunctivitis PE findings

A

periipheral injxn, spares iris, red bumps under lids

33
Q

iritis symptoms

A

painful, impaired vision, photophobia

34
Q

iritis PE findings

A

pupil is poorly reactive to light, ciliary flush, small muddy pupil, decreased visual acuity

35
Q

bacterial conjunctivitis natural treatments

A

Berberis , Euphrasia, Hydrastis, Hamamelis, Fennel; Calendula

36
Q

bacterial conjunctivitis allopathic treatments

A

Z pack if chlamidia

37
Q

blepharitis is associated with what Derm issues

A

seborrhea and rosacea/ chronic staph

38
Q

dacrocystitis def.

A

inflamm. of lacrimal sac- push on it mucopurulent discharge/ excess tears

39
Q

cataracts RF

A

Smoking, uv, genetics, ocular dz, injury, galactosemia, DM

40
Q

cataract natural treatment

A

NAC, Flavanoids, Quercitin

41
Q

cataract herbs

A

cineraria, NAcetyl carnitine eye drops

42
Q

symptoms of angle closure glaucoma

A

N/V, diminished vision, red eye, symptoms might come on after being in a dark environment,

43
Q

PE of angle closure glaucoma

A

cloudy cornea, iris shadow, pupil fixed and dialated

44
Q

pathophys for open angle glaucoma

A

mechanical(no drainage of aqueous humor = IOP), vascular mechanism(htn), glutamate toxicity (from glutathione def.= oxidative damage)

45
Q

Is angle closure an emergency and what is the RF

A

yes, could lead to blindness- hyperopia or far vision

46
Q

Open angle RF

A

myopia, etoh, htn, age, hypothyroid, DM, Fmx

47
Q

PE findings of both glaucomas

A

loss of peripheral vision could lead to central vision loss, increase in IOP, iris shadow, Increased cup to disc ratio

48
Q

what is the dangerous part about open angle

A

It’s painless and can eventually lead to vision loss due to optic nerve damage

49
Q

tx for glaucoma

A

cholinergics(pilocarpine), beta blockers, eye drop(forskolin, fennel), avoid vasoconstrictors ie caffeine, antioxidants( vit c, glutathione etc.), ALA*, Magnesium, b12

50
Q

what is keratitis

A

inflammation of the clear tissue around the eye(cornea)

51
Q

SSX of keratits

A

FB sensation, decreased visual acuity, mb lymph nodes are enlarged, tearing, *photophobia, rarely vision loss

52
Q

causes of keratitis

A

infection, dry eyes, chemical or physical injury, underlying medical issues

53
Q

if keratitis is caused by UV damage how long will it take for ssx to appear?

A

several hours after exposure, can last 24-48 hours

54
Q

macular degeneration tx

A

control HTn, stop smoking, eat spinach (caratenooids), antioxidants, vit e,c. Basically, take care of your self because your eye is falling apart oh and random… ozone

55
Q

IV therapy for mac. degen

A

glutathione, Se, Zn

56
Q

most common type of mac degen

A

dry- atrophic, no macular scar or hemorrhage

57
Q

Dry SSX

A

painless, *gradual loss of central vision, mb difficult to drive at night, peripheral vision is intact

58
Q

PE finding for both wet and dry mac degen

A

Drusen bodies= plaque deposits

59
Q

SSX of wet

A

URGENT, more blood to the deprived tissue = hemorrhages, *acute vision loss (days to weeks), may look like flame hemm. or pooling of blood

60
Q

Tx of wet

A

injection of anti VEGF

EENT Final (1 decks)

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