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MNEMONICS > EENT > Flashcards

EENT Flashcards

1
Q

Mnemonic for Weber and Rinne

A

Weber and Rinne has Bad conduct and good, normal senses.

Normally:
Weber doesn’t lateralize, and both ears have +Rinne (AC>BC).

Conductive loss:
Bad Conduct: Weber lateralizes to BAD ear, - Rinne in BAD ear (AC BC)

In sensorineural, RINNE is always positive in both ears.

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2
Q

Mnemonic for 12 Cranial nerves

A

OOO To touch and feel a glossy velvet, such heaven

  1. Olfactory, 2.Optic, 3.Oculomotor, 4. Trochlear, 5.Trigeminal, 6. Abducens, 7. Facial, 8.Acoustic,
  2. Glossopharyngeal, 10. Vagus, 11. Spinal Accessory,
  3. Hypoglossal
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3
Q

Mnemonic for 12 Cranial nerves

Cranial Nerves 1-4

A

OOO To touch and feel a glossy velvet, such heaven

I O: Olfactory (sensory 1 nose)
II O: Optic Nerve ( Vision 2 eyes)
III Oculomotor: Behind the eye, controls pupillary constriction and see if eyelid droops or not (ptosis)
IV Trochelar nerve: Pulley to move the eyes down toward the tip of the nose. Follow your finger while

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4
Q

Mnemonic for 12 Cranial nerves

Cranial Nerves 5- 8

A

OOO To touch and feel a glossy velvet, such heaven

V Trigeminal: Face. 3 trigeminal nerves (forehead, cheek or jaw) check sensation using soft/dull and on scalp.
VI Abducens: (6 ABs) eye movement to the side. 6 cardinal fields of gaze, observe for nystagmus or twitching of the eye.
VII Facial Nerve: facial movements and expression, wrinkle his forehead, close his eyes, smile, pucker, show teeth. observe nasolabial folds for weakness or flattening.
8. Acoustic: Hearing check (rubbing fingers by each ear)

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5
Q

Mnemonic for 12 Cranial nerves

Cranial Nerves 9-12

A

OOO To touch and feel a glossy velvet, such heaven

  1. Glossopharyngeal: tongue and throat (pharynx and larynx) swallow and say AHHHHH, uvula middle and palate rise is normal.
  2. Vagus: same as above, checked together with 9.
  3. Spinal Accessory: neck and shoulder movement, shrug pt’s shoulders, assess sternoicleidomastoid muscle by asking pt. to turn his head against your hand.
  4. Hypoglossal: Stick out tongue, tongue midline.
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6
Q

Mnemonics for which side does kids sleep on and which side to play?

A

Back to sleep, tummy to play (like go back to sleep, time to play), sleep on supine position to prevent SIDS.

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7
Q

Mnemonics for centor criteria?

A 
FACES 45
Fever: 1
Absent cough: 1: 
cervical adenopathy: 1
exudate: 1
for Strep throat (group A) pharyngitis or tonsillitis
45 and older: -1

Centor criteria> 2 test, treat patient with a + rapid antigen detection test (RADT)
> 3 empiric treatment PCN V 500 mg or Amoxicillin
or alternatively Augmentin or 1st generation cephalosporin

Throat culture if RADT negative for high risk for infections like chronic steroid use, DM poorly controlled, immunocompromised.

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8
Q

Sequela of Group A beta hemolytic Strep (Strep throat)

A

Scary BEAR Fever

Scarlet Fever
Bacterial Endocarditis (Tx with PCN immediately before or 30 mins after)
Acute Rheumatic Fever

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9
Q

Infectious Mono

A

3Fs
3Ls
Fatigue, Fever, Faryngitis(pharyngitis)
Lymphadenopathy (those are actuality the tetrad assessment findings
LFTs (ALT, AST) elevated
Lymphocytosis (atypical lymphocytes) most common presentation first.

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10
Q

What is the favorite dance step of people native to Ottawa Canada?
The medial and lateral four step.

A

The medial and lateral four step.

Tenderness over the medial or lateral malleolus; inability to walk four steps at the time of the injury or inability to walk four steps in the emergency department. If any of the above 4 criteria are met; an ankle xray is indicated.

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11
Q

Live vaccines = Mean MR. V. has the FLU

A

MMR -measles (paraMyxovirus), Mumps, Rubella
V - varicella (chicken pox)
FLU - Flumist

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12
Q

pregnancy Quad screen

I ABE

A

I - Inhibin A
A - AFP (alpha fetoprotein)
B - Beta HCG (human chorionic gonadotropin)
E -Estriol

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13
Q

FEV1/FVC ratio > 0.7 = Restrictive lung disease

FEV1/FVC ratio

A

FEV1/FVC ratio > 0.7 = Restrictive lung disease

FEV1/FVC ratio

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14
Q

Palm and sole rash → You drive CARS using your palms and soles → Coxsackievirus A (hand, foot, mouth disease), Rocky mountain spotted fever, Syphilis

A

Palm and sole rash → You drive CARS using your palms and soles → Coxsackievirus A (hand, foot, mouth disease), Rocky mountain spotted fever, Syphilis

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15
Q

Macrolides
○ Using a “mack,” like a pimp
■ A mack must be atypical → Treats atypical pneumonia
■ A mack can make your heart skip a beat → QT prolongation

A

Macrolides
○ Using a “mack,” like a pimp
■ A mack must be atypical → Treats atypical pneumonia
■ A mack can make your heart skip a beat → QT prolongation

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16
Q

Fluoroquinolones
○ All end in -floxacin; so think of a “flock of sinners” at
a party; I remember “flock” by thinking of a flock of birds hanging out with Dr. Quinn medicine woman
■ Mechanism: The sinners gyrate their hips and dance and have sex → Inhibits DNA gyrase
■ Adverse effects
● The sinners get drunk and hungover → GI
irratability, vomiting
● FluoroquinoLONES hurt attachments to
your BONES → Tendonitis and tendon rupture in adults; leg cramps and myalgias in kids

A

Fluoroquinolones
○ All end in -floxacin; so think of a “flock of sinners” at
a party; I remember “flock” by thinking of a flock of birds hanging out with Dr. Quinn medicine woman
■ Mechanism: The sinners gyrate their hips and dance and have sex → Inhibits DNA gyrase
■ Adverse effects
● The sinners get drunk and hungover → GI
irratability, vomiting
● FluoroquinoLONES hurt attachments to
your BONES → Tendonitis and tendon rupture in adults; leg cramps and myalgias in kids

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17
Q

Metronidazole (the metro bus); also used to treat some protozoa
○ Sides → Because the bus is shaky, you will get stomach upset if you drink while taking it (disulfiram effect); eating on the metallic bus can also put a metallic taste in your mouth
○ Organisms that can be treated include both bacteria and protozoa→ “GET GAP on the Metro!”
■ G → Giardia
■ E → Entamoeba
■ T → Trichomonas
■ G → Gardnerella vaginalis
■ A → Anaerobes (bacteriodes, clostridium)
■ P → H. Pylori

A

Metronidazole (the metro bus); also used to treat some protozoa
(despite this being the bacteria section)
○ Sides → Because the bus is shaky, you will get stomach
upset if you drink while taking it (disulfiram effect); eating
the metalic bus can also put a metallic taste in your mouth
○ Organisms that can be treated include both bacteria and
protozoa→ “GET GAP on the Metro!”
■ G → Giardia
■ E → Entamoeba
■ T → Trichomonas
■ G → Gardnerella vaginalis
■ A → Anaerobes (bacteriodes, clostridium)
■ P → H. Pylori

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18
Q

Hepatitis
● Five types → ABCDE; A and E are fecal-oral, on the ends like the mouth/anus of the GI tract
● HAV → A for Asymptomatic (usually, but can cause jaundice in some cases), Acute, Alone (no carriers), Vaccine available (havrix)
● HBV → B for Blood borne and sexual, the cousin of HCV, as both predispose to chronic active hepatitis, cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma, vertical transmission (mother breastfeeding to her child)
○ HBeAg: e for extra contagious, extra infection, increase viral replication and infectivity. Evil Carrier of the Virus
● HCV → C for Circulation (through drugs IV use, Blood products, sexual) Chronic, Cirrhosis, Carcinoma-cancer, Carriers
● HDV → D for Defective, Dependent on HBV
● HEV → E for Enteric, Expectant mothers (normally this virus is mild like A, but has high mortality in pregnant women)
AB: Only A and B has vaccines like AB antibodies.

A

Hepatitis
● Five types → ABCDE; A and E are fecal-oral, on the ends like the mouth/anus of the GI tract
● HAV → A for Asymptomatic (usually, but can cause jaundice in some cases), Acute, Alone (no carriers), Vaccine available (havrix)
● HBV → B for Blood borne and sexual, the cousin of HCV, as both predispose to chronic active hepatitis, cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma, vertical transmission (mother breastfeeding to her child)
○ HBeAg: e for extra contagious, extra infection, increase viral replication and infectivity.
● HCV → C for Circulation (through drugs IV use, Blood products, sexual) Chronic, Cirrhosis, Carcinoma-cancer, Carriers
● HDV → D for Defective, Dependent on HBV
● HEV → E for Enteric, Expectant mothers (normally this virus is mild like A, but has high mortality in pregnant women)

19
Q

Viral vaccines
● Live attenuated → Smallpox, Yellow fever, Chickenpox, Sabin’s polio, MMR → “Live! One night only! See small yellow chickens get vaccinated with Sabin’s and MMR!”
● SalK polio = Killed
● Killed virus vaccines → RIP Always → Rabies, Influenza, salk
Polio, HAV

A

Viral vaccines
● Live attenuated → Smallpox, Yellow fever, Chickenpox, Sabin’s polio, MMR → “Live! One night only! See small yellow chickens get vaccinated with Sabin’s and MMR!”
● SalK polio = Killed
● Killed virus vaccines → RIP Always → Rabies, Influenza, salk
Polio, HAV

20
Q

ROTA → Right Out The Anus → Most important global cause of infantile gastroenteritis; major cause of acute diarrhea in US during winter (especially daycare centers, kindergartens)

A

ROTA → Right Out The Anus → Most important global cause of infantile gastroenteritis; major cause of acute diarrhea in US during winter (especially daycare centers, kindergartens)

21
Q

DiGeorge syndrome → 22q11 deficiency → CATCH 22
○ C → Congenital heart/great vessel disease
■ T cell disorder so T-related cardiac problems
(Truncus arteriosus, Tetralogy)
○ A → Abnormal facies
○ T → Thymic/parathyroid aplasia
○ C → Cleft palate
○ H → Hypocalcemia (and resultant tetany)

A

DiGeorge syndrome → 22q11 deficiency → CATCH 22
○ C → Congenital heart/great vessel disease
■ T cell disorder so T-related cardiac problems
(Truncus arteriosus, Tetralogy)
○ A → Abnormal facies
○ T → Thymic/parathyroid aplasia
○ C → Cleft palate
○ H → Hypocalcemia (and resultant tetany)

22
Q

You have 1 heart and 2 lungs → Therefore, beta1 is primarily heart (increase heart rate, increase contracility), B2 is primarily lungs (bronchodilation…but increase HR, contracility as well)
○ V1/V2 are the vasopressin receptors; V1 causes vascular smooth muscle contraction, V2 leads to water reabsorption at the kidney collecting tubules → V2 is found in the 2 kidneys
○ Beta2 causes decreased uterine contraction → If you have 2 Babies (twins), you REALLY don’t want to have them and have to deal with them (give them food, time, money), so you use Beta2
○ Both Beta1 and Beta2 cause lipolysis → Both Betas Beat off the Bags of Bulge

A

You have 1 heart and 2 lungs → Therefore, beta1 is primarily heart (increase heart rate, increase contracility), B2 is primarily lungs (bronchodilation…but increase HR, contracility as well)
○ V1/V2 are the vasopressin receptors; V1 causes vascular smooth muscle contraction, V2 leads to water reabsorption at the kidney collecting tubules → V2 is found in the 2 kidneys
○ Beta2 causes decreased uterine contraction → If you have 2 Babies (twins), you REALLY don’t want to have them and have to deal with them (give them food, time, money), so you use Beta2
○ Both Beta1 and Beta2 cause lipolysis → Both Betas Beat off the Bags of Bulge

23
Q

Drugs causing photosensitivity: SAT For a photo

● Sulfonamides ● Amiodarone ● Tetracycline ● 5FU

A

Drugs causing photosensitivity: SAT For a photo

● Sulfonamides ● Amiodarone ● Tetracycline ● 5FU

24
Q 
Drugs causing gynecomastia → Some Drugs Create Awesome Knockers 
● Spironolactone
● Digitalis
● Cimetidine
● Alcohol
● Ketoconazole
A 
Drugs causing gynecomastia → Some Drugs Create Awesome Knockers ● Spironolactone
● Digitalis
● Cimetidine
● Alcohol
● Ketoconazole
25
Q

Reye’s syndrome → Give a kid aspirin and they develop

hepatoencephalopathy → Kids don’t like Reye bread; they also don’t like aspirin

A

Reye’s syndrome → Give a kid aspirin and they develop

hepatoencephalopathy → Kids don’t like Reye bread; they also don’t like aspirin

26
Q 
Causes of acute pancreatitis → GET SMASHED
● G → Gallstones
● E → Ethanol
● T → Trauma
● S → Steroids
● M → Mumps
● A → Autoimmune diseases
● S → Scorpion sting
● H → Hypercalcemia/Hyperlipidemia
● E→ERCP
● D → Drugs (e.g. sulfa drugs)
A 
Causes of acute pancreatitis → GET SMASHED
● G → Gallstones
● E → Ethanol
● T → Trauma
● S → Steroids
● M → Mumps
● A → Autoimmune diseases
● S → Scorpion sting
● H → Hypercalcemia/Hyperlipidemia
● E→ERCP
● D → Drugs (e.g. sulfa drugs)
27
Q

Anal fissures more common posteriorly (our anus is posterior)

A

Anal fissures more common posteriorly (our anus is posterior)

28
Q

4Fs for Gallstones → Fat, Female, Forty, Fertile:

A

4Fs for Gallstones → Fat, Female, Forty, Fertile:

29
Q

Take H2 blockers before you DINE → All end in -dine
(cimetiDINE, ranitiDINE, famotiDINE, nizatiDINE);
○ Remember the 2 in H2 with “table for 2”
○ (heads up that H1 blockers used for allergy in respiratory section also end in -dine)

A

Take H2 blockers before you DINE → All end in -dine
(cimetiDINE, ranitiDINE, famotiDINE, nizatiDINE);
○ Remember the 2 in H2 with “table for 2”
○ (heads up that H1 blockers used for allergy in respiratory section also end in -dine)

30
Q

Misoprostol → A PGE1 analog → Miso-PROS-tol, similar to a prostaglandin

A

Misoprostol → A PGE1 analog → Miso-PROS-tol, similar to a prostaglandin

31
Q

H. Pylori Quadruple therapy →
Please MAke Tummy Better or BisMeT PPI
Uses PPI, Metronidazole, Amoxicillin (or Tetracycline), Bismuth

A

Quadruple therapy →
Please MAke Tummy Better or BisMeT PPI
Uses PPI, Metronidazole, Amoxicillin (or Tetracycline), Bismuth

32
Q

Antacids

  1. Alumininum hydroxide → overuse causes constipation, or a MINIMUM amt of feces
  2. Magnesium hydroxide → overuse causes diarrhea, or a
    MAGSIMUM amount of feces; also, Mg2+ for Must Go to the bathroom
A

Antacids

  1. Alumininum hydroxide → overuse causes constipation, or a MINIMUM amt of feces
  2. Magnesium hydroxide → overuse causes diarrhea, or a
    MAGSIMUM amount of feces; also, Mg2+ for Must Go to the bathroom
33
Q

Lead poisoning
● LEAD → Lead lines on gingivae (Burton’s lines) and on epiphyses of long bones on x-ray; Encephalopathy and Erythrocyte basophilic stippling; Abdominal colic and sideroblastic Anemia; Drops (foot and wrist), Dimercaprol and EDTA 1st line of
treatment
○ Succimer is first line of treatment for kids → It “sucks” to be a kid who eats lead

A

Lead poisoning
● LEAD → Lead lines on gingivae (Burton’s lines) and on epiphyses
of long bones on x-ray; Encephalopathy and Erythrocyte basophilic stippling; Abdominal colic and sideroblastic Anemia; Drops (foot and wrist), Dimercaprol and EDTA 1st line of
treatment
○ Succimer is first line of treatment for kids → It “sucks” to
be a kid who eats lead

34
Q

Sjogren’s syndrome → Can’t see, can’t spit, can’t dance

■ Can’t see → Xerophthalmia (dry eyes with conjunctivitis,like “sand in the eyes”);

Can’t spit → Xerostomia (dry mouth, dysphagia);

can’t dance (arthritis; note also that this is associated with rheumatoid arthritis)

■ S-JAW-grens → Enlarged parotid, like big jaw

■ This mnemonic connects to two other mnemonics:
● Alport’s syndrome → Can’t see (ocular disorders), can’t pee (nephritic syndrome), can’t hear (deafness)
● Reiters syndrome (reactive arthritis) → Can’t see, can’t pee, can’t climb a tree
can’t see: Uveitis, conjunctivitis
can’t pee: Urethritis, cervicitis
Cant climb a tree: Large joint pain like knees
May have a rash or sometimes not.

A

Sjogren’s syndrome → Can’t see, can’t spit, can’t dance
■ Can’t see → Xerophthalmia (dry eyes with conjunctivitis,like “sand in the eyes”);
Can’t spit → Xerostomia (dry mouth, dysphagia);
can’t dance (arthritis; note also that this is associated with rheumatoid arthritis)
■ S-JAW-grens → Enlarged parotid, like big jaw
■ This mnemonic connects to two other mnemonics:
● Alport’s syndrome → Can’t see (ocular disorders), can’t pee (nephritic syndrome), can’t hear (deafness)
● Reiters syndrome (reactive arthritis) → Can’t see, can’t pee, can’t climb a tree
can’t see: Uveitis, conjunctivitis
can’t pee: Urethritis, cervicitis
Cant climb a tree: Large joint pain like knees
May have a rash or sometimes not.

35
Q 
Sarcoidosis
■ Sarcoid is a GRUELING disease
● G → Granulomas
● R → Rheumatoid arthritis
● U → Uveoparotitis (chronic inflammation of parotid gland and uvea (eye))
● E → Erythema nodosum (painful nodular inflammation of SubQ fat)
● L → Lymphadenopathy (hilar, bilateral)
● I → Idiopathic
● N → Not TB, noncaseating
● G → Gamma globulinemia (ACE increase)
A 
Sarcoidosis
■ Sarcoid is a GRUELING disease
● G → Granulomas
● R → Rheumatoid arthritis
● U → Uveoparotitis (chronic inflammation of parotid gland
and uvea (eye))
● E → Erythema nodosum (painful nodular inflammation of
SubQ fat)
● L → Lymphadenopathy (hilar, bilateral)
● I → Idiopathic
● N → Not TB, noncaseating
● G → Gamma globulinemia (ACE increase)
36
Q

Seborrheic Keratosis → Looks StucK on

A

Seborrheic Keratosis → Looks StucK on

37
Q

PSORiasis has scaling, like a fish → A fishes lip is PSOR after it bites a hook
● See Auspitz sign in psoriasis (bleeding spots when scales are scraped off) → The fish responds by going “AU!!!” and SPITZing out blood
● Increase in stratum spinosum (SS) → just look at how
many S’s are in pSoriaSiS

A

PSORiasis has scaling, like a fish → A fishes lip is PSOR after it bites a hook
● See Auspitz sign in psoriasis (bleeding spots when scales are scraped off) → The fish responds by going “AU!!!” and SPITZing out blood
● Increase in stratum spinosum (SS) → just look at how
many S’s are in pSoriaSiS

38
Q

Erythema migrans v. erythema multiforme
● Migrans is asasociated with Ixodes tick (Borrelia burgdorferi) & outdoors so “bullseye” rash (b/c bulls are outdoors)
● Erythema multiforme = “target” lesion (lacks the bullseye)

A

Erythema migrans v. erythema multiforme
● Migrans is asasociated with Ixodes tick (Borrelia burgdorferi) & outdoors so “bullseye” rash (b/c bulls are outdoors)
● Erythema multiforme = “target” lesion (lacks the bullseye)

39
Q

Bell’s palsy is a complication of AIDs, Lyme disease, Herpes, Sarcoidosis, Tumors, Diabetes →
ALexander graHam Bell with an STD

A

Bell’s palsy is a complication of AIDs, Lyme disease, Herpes, Sarcoidosis, Tumors, Diabetes →
ALexander graHam Bell with an STD

40
Q

Delirium vs. Dementia →
● DeliRIUM is characterized by changes in sensoRIUM (waxing/waning consciousness, hallucinations, disorganized thinking, illusions, misperceptions); deMEMtia is characterized by MEMory loss
● del-EE-rium has an abnormal EEG, whereas dementia does not

A

Delirium vs. Dementia →
● DeliRIUM is characterized by changes in sensoRIUM (waxing/
waning consciousness, hallucinations, disorganized thinking, nillusions, misperceptions); deMEMtia is characterized by MEMory loss
● del-EE-rium has an abnormal EEG, whereas dementia does not

41
Q

Tetanus: 5 instances

A

burns, bites, rape, break in skin due to puncture wounds,

eye injury

42
Q

Manic episode
● Maniacs DIG FAST
● Distractibility, Irresponsibility, Grandiosity, Flight of ideas, increase in goal-oriented Activity/psychomotor Agitation, decreased need for Sleep, Talkativeness or pressured speech
○ need 3 or more (DIG) is 3 letters
○ Treatment → LiVe CAlmer → Lithium, Valproate,
Carbamazepine, Atypical antipsychotic

A

Manic episode
● Maniacs DIG FAST
● Distractibility, Irresponsibility, Grandiosity, Flight of ideas, increase in goal-oriented Activity/psychomotor Agitation, decreased need for Sleep, Talkativeness or pressured speech
○ need 3 or more (DIG) is 3 letters
○ Treatment → LiVe CAlmer → Lithium, Valproate,
Carbamazepine, Atypical antipsychotic

43
Q

6 month old Rosey went with her pregnant mom Ella to Germany for a 3 day visit. Ella notified the state to get her passport.

A

Roseola is an HHV-6 (Human herpes virus-6 or 6th disease) that is seen 90% in young children under 2. Thats why Rosey is only 6 months old.
Rubella (Ella) is the 3 day German Measles and the greatest risk is to pregnant woman for its effect on the unborn child especially during the 1st trimester. (80% rate of congenital rubella syndrome).
Rubella is a notifiable disease, just think that an adult will notify the state, not the child, so Roseola is not a notifiable disease.

MNEMONICS (1 decks)

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