EENT

Question 1

What is astigmatism?

Answer 1

Uneven or irregular curvature of cornea. Light rays will not come to single point of focus on retina. Causes vision distortion especially at night.

Question 2

What is double vision called?

Answer 2

Diplopia

Question 3

What is farisightedness called?

Answer 3

Hyperopia. Can see far-not near.

Question 4

What is nearsightedness called?

Answer 4

Myopia. Can see close but not far.

Question 5

What is age related vision loss called?

Answer 5

Presbyopia. The lens becomes larger, less elastic and firmer. Loss of accommodation with near vision

Question 6

What is strabismus?

Answer 6

Cross-eyed
Person can’t focus both eyes on same thing. Causes double vision.
May be caused by eye muscle deviation or thyroid disease.

Question 7

What is a cloudy lens called?

Answer 7

Cataract

Question 8

What is an inflammation of conjunctiva and types?

Answer 8

Conjunctivitis. Several causes:
Bacterial-common in kids (pinkeye)
Viral
Chlamydia-Called Trachoma. Can cause blindness is left untreated.
Allergic

Question 9

What is inflammation of the cornea called?

Answer 9

Keratitis.—
Care-uh-Tight-Is–
Can be caused by bacteria, virus, fungi.
Can be difficult to differentiate between conjuctivitius but in keratitis there is usually no discharge

Question 10

What is med term for lazy eye?

Answer 10

Amblyopia.
Am-Bly-O-Pee-Uh
Usually a neuromuscular defect.

Question 11

What is eye removal called?

Answer 11

Enucleation

Question 12

What is rapid, uncontrolled eye movements called?

Answer 12

Nystagmus. Many causes so take a thorough history and assessment to determine.

Question 13

What is retinal detachment?

Answer 13

An emergency situation in which retina detaches from it epithelium and blood supply. Will lead to blindness is not treated promptly.

Question 14

What are risk factors for retinal detachment?

Answer 14

Age, AMD, diabetes, severe myopathy, family history, eye surgery or trauma

Question 15

What are symptoms of retinal detachment?

Answer 15

Floaters, flashes of light, cobweb or ring in vision, painless

Question 16

What is macular degeneration?

Answer 16

Classed as dry or wet
Wet is worse but less common
Part of the retina called the macula is damaged. Characterized by yellow spots on back of retina.
Loss of central vision
Risk factors are >50 yo
HTN
High fat diet

Question 17

What type of health history should we conduct with eye problems?

Answer 17

Diabetes, corrective glasses and contacts, surgeries, meds, family history, hypertension, eye drops, ability to perform self care, do they wear their glasses,

Question 18

What are some parts of the retina and what do they do?

Answer 18

Photoreceptors: rods (dim lights) and cones (color in bright light)
Macula: central vision
Fovea centralis: provides sharpest point of vision

Question 19

What should you remember about eye and ear drops?

Answer 19

You can put eye drops in ears but not ear drops in eyes.

Question 20

Physical assessment of eye.

Answer 20

Look at external structures. Asymmetrical?
Look at conjunctiva and sclera, cornea, iris
Snellen acuity chart
Jaeger eye chart (assesses near vision)
Extraocular muscle function
Corneal light reflex (shine light in eye and should reflect on cornea in both eyes at some spot)
Pupil function

Question 21

Medical name for stye.

Answer 21

hordeolum.
Hore-DEE-uh-lum

Question 22

What is a chalazion?

Answer 22

Chronic inflammatory granuloma in glands of eyelid. Swollen, tender, reddened. blocked oil gland. Looks similar to stye
—–Kuh-LAZY-un—-

Question 23

What is age related hearing loss called?

Answer 23

Presbycusis
Prez-buh-CUE-sus

Question 24

What is BPPV?

Answer 24

Benign paroxysmal(means waxes and wanes) positional vertigo
Accounts for about 50% of vertigo
Free floating debris in semicircular canal move when move head in specific way.
Treatment is the Epley maneuver or canalith repositioning. Dix Hallpike is test.

Question 25

What is medical name for swimmers ear?

Answer 25

Otitis externa. Inflammation of canal

Question 26

What is Ménière’s disease?

Answer 26

Excessive lymph in inner ear causes increased pressure. Hearing and balance problems, vertigo, tinnitus, ear pressure and fullness. Treatment is diuretics.

Question 27

What is an acoustic neuroma?

Answer 27

A unilateral benign tumor inside ear that interferes with CN 8 (vestibulocochlear)
Presents as single sided hearing loss and fullness

Question 28

Medical term for nosebleed.

Answer 28

Epistaxis

Question 29

What is the difference between conductive hearing loss and sensorineural hearing loss?

Answer 29

Conductive is a blockage of the transmission of sound waves. This can be caused by a foreign body, cerumen, ruptured tympanic membrane, fluid, etc.
Sensorineural is usually age related and gradual.

Question 30

What are some important assessment pieces when dealing with auditory system?

Answer 30

Childhood illnesses
Organs adjacent to ear
Ototoxic meds
Surgery or treatment to ears
Family members input

Question 31

What is tympanometry?
Tim-Pan-NOM-uh-tree

Answer 31

Middle ear test. Measures function of the tympanic membrane and conduction bones by variations in air pressure along the sound wave path. Type A-Normal
Type B-Ruptured tympanic membrane
Typically used on kids to diagnose the health of the middle ear.

Question 32

What is the function of the Eustachian tube?

Answer 32

Adjusts and equalizes the air pressure between the atmosphere and the middle ear. Think of it when you get on an airplane. You need to chew gum, yawn, swallow to help muscles around it to move and adjust to the pressure.