EEG random facts Flashcards

1
Q

At what age do vertex waves and K complexes first appear?

A

Age 5 months

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2
Q

What EEG frequencies are seen during active sleep in a 37 week gestational age patient?

A

Continuous theta and delta. At 38 weeks you will see fater frequencies mixing in

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3
Q

What is the pattern of active sleep seen in a 37 week gestational age patient?

A

Tracé alternant pattern

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4
Q

What is the background EEG rhythm from ages 1 -3 years?

A

1,2,3 years

6, 7, 8 Hz

(10 Hz by 10 years)

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5
Q

What areas are recorded as EEG activity on the scalp electrodes?

A
  • Superficial excitatory activity (cortical layers 2 and 3)
  • Deep inhibitory activity (cortical layer 5)
  • This results in surface negative extra cellular potential at the scalp
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6
Q

Describe posterior slow waves of youth

A

They occur in wakefulness as delta waves interrupting the posterior dominant rhythm

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7
Q

What does the EEG background look like in Angelman syndrome?

A

Hypsarrhythmia. It does not show fragmentation during sleep, unlike true hypsarrhythmia.

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8
Q

What are the typical ages of onset for childhood absence epilepsy?

A

4 to 10 years of age

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9
Q

What are the 3 seizure types seen in JME?

A
  1. Absence seizures
  2. Myoclonic seizures
  3. Generalized tonic clinic seizures
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10
Q

Name 3 behaviors that can be seen in a person having an absence seizure

A
  1. Rhythmic eye blinking
  2. Oral automatisms
  3. Head retropulsion
  4. They will not lose postural control but may sway
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11
Q

What is the frequency of the EEG PDR from infancy to adolescence?

A

3 Hz by 3 months

6 Hz by 12 months

8 Hz by 3 years

10 Hz by 10 - 15 years

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12
Q

What is the difference between atypical vs typical absence seizures on the EEG?

A
  • Atypical absence = 2 Hz spike and wave
  • Typcial absence = 3 Hz spike and wave
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13
Q

What is the typical background EEG seen in West Syndrome?

A

Hypsarrhythmia and this is not an ictal pattern

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14
Q

What are the seizure characteristics in benign rolandic epilepsy?

A
  • Centrotemporal spikes
  • Seizures are focal and involve
    • Hemifacial sensory-motor symptoms
    • Oropharyngolaryngeal symptoms
    • Speech arrest
    • Hypersalivation
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15
Q

Hypersalivation seizure could be coming from or associated with what 3 conditions or areas?

A
  • Benign rolandic epilepsy
  • Temporal lobe seizures
  • Insular seizures
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16
Q

What pattern is present on EEG in neonates starting at 29 weeks conception?

A

Tracé discontinu

17
Q

What is OIRDA associated with?

A

It is more commonly seen in children and is associated with absence epilepsy

18
Q

What are CIRDA and GIRDA associated with?

A

Both are likely related to a non-specific dysfunction.

Some evidence that GIRDA could increase risk for seizures, especially in critically ill patients.

19
Q

What are the associated EEG findings?

Eyelid myoclonia with absences

A

Occurs immediately after eyelid closure

More frequent in bright light (never in dark)

Brief, bilateral spike-wave discharges

20
Q

What are the associated EEG findings?

Progressive myoclonic epilepsies (like Infantile ceroid lipofuscinosis)

A

Occipital spikes elicited by photic stimulation

21
Q

What are the associated EEG findings?

West Syndrome

A
  • High amplitude, disorganized slow activity with multifocal spikes (called hypsarrhythmia) and generalized electrodecrements
  • When associated with a clinical spasm, there is a generalized spike/sharp wave followed by diffuse EEG attenuation
  • Can progress into LGS
22
Q

What are the associated EEG findings?

LGS

A
  • Presents with slow spike-wave discharges
  • Can have faster beta range activity in sleep, some of which may be associated with clinical tonic seizures
23
Q

Charge of the cornea in relation to the retina

A

Cornea = + charge

Retina = - charge

24
Q

What are the associated EEG findings?

Dravet syndrome

A
  • Generalized polyspike-wave complexes
  • May be prominent unilaterally and occur in clusters
25
Q

What is the earliest age that active sleep and quiet sleep can be distinguished?

A

35 weeks

26
Q

Initially, infants transition directly from wake to REM sleep. At what age does this change?

A

At 3 months they transition from wake to NREM sleep

27
Q

Enflurane at high doses can show what on the EEG?

A

A spike-wave pattern

28
Q

EEG eyes closed and open. What leads are affected and what will you see?

A

Fp1 and Fp2

Closed –> eyes look up (Bells) –> Fp1 and Fp2 will be positive (downgoing wave)

Open is the opposite

29
Q

EEG eyes look left and right. What EEG leads and what will you see?

A

F7 and F8

Look left –> F7 positive (downgoing wave), F8 negative (upgoing wave)

Look right is opposite

30
Q

What is this pattern what is the approximate start and stop in age?

A

Hypnagogic hypersynchrony

  • Early drowsiness and arousal from deeper sleep
  • Starts and 2-3 months and usually resolves by age 12
31
Q

Define synchrony

A

Bursts of activity happening at the same time in both sides of the brain

32
Q

Define EEG symmetry

A

The degree to which EEG activity on both sides of the brain is the same amplitude and frequency

33
Q

Define discontinuity on EEG

A

Areas of flat activity between bursts of activity

34
Q

Difference between trace discontinu pattern and trace alternans pattern in quiet sleep

A

Amplitude

Trace discontinu = < 25 mcv

Trace alternans = > 25 mcV

35
Q

What are the post conception ages for trace discontinu to trace alternans to slow wave sleep?

A

TD —► TA = 34 weeks

TA —►SWS = 38 weeks

36
Q

At what post menstrual or post conception age do you start to see differences in the EEG between awake and sleep

A

About 30 weeks. Prior to that it looks the same