Eectrolyte/fluid Flashcards
1
Q
Intracellular electrolytes
A
- potassium
- magnesium
- SO4-
- PO4-
- proteins
2
Q
Extracellular electrolytes
A
- sodium
3
Q
What determines when ADH is used?
A
- salt concentration too high
- blood pressure high
4
Q
Physiological result of ADH
A
- increases water reabsorption in the kidneys
- decreased serum osmolality
5
Q
Aldosterone
A
Hormone secreted by the adrenal glands that retains sodium and water and excretes potassium and causes vasoconstriction, leading to increased BP
6
Q
natriuretic peptides; release and effects
A
- BNP, ANP
- released by heart when heart is continuously being stretched
- excretions of sodium and water, vasodilation
- reduces BP
7
Q
When does edema occur?
A
- increased capillary permeability (burns, inflammation)
- increased hydrostatic pressure (salt and water retention, HF, venous obstruction)
- lymph obstruction
- decreased capillary oncotic pressure (not enough protein in the blood)
- increased tissue oncotic pressure (related to lymph - reduced transport of capillary filtered protein)
8
Q
IV colloid
A
- suspension of proteins and polysaccharides in water
-albumin
9
Q
IV crystalloid
A
- electrolytes in water
- smaller particles that can move across membranes
- general hydration or specific issues
- most common IV solutions
10
Q
SALT LOSS
A
Stupor/coma
Anorexia
Lethargy
Tendon reflexes
imp muscles
orthostatic hypotension
seizures
stomach cramping
11
Q
FRIED & SALTED
A
fever
restlessness
increased fluid retention
edema
dry mouth
skin flushed
altered LOC
low urine output
thirst
elevated BP
decreased energy
12
Q
Potassium
A
- function of excitable tissues
- muscles changes when balance is off
13
Q
Major causes of hyperkalemia
A
- kidney disease
- tissue breakdown
14
Q
Signs/symptoms of hyperkalemia
A
- twitching
- heart palpitations
- arrhythmia
- chest pain
15
Q
A
