Edward's background

Question 1

When was England at war with Scotland and what did this lead to?

Answer 1

1540-1547 - England went bankrupt.

Question 2

What did England fear?

Answer 2

A Franco-Scottish.

Question 3

Who did James V marry in 1538 and why was it significant?

Answer 3

Mary of Guise - France and Scottish alliance.

Question 4

Who died in 1542 and who now ruled Scotland?

Answer 4

James V of Scotland ~ Baby Mary.

Question 5

What did Henry propose (Scotland)?

Answer 5

That Edward and Mary marry but it was rejected by the Scottish.

Question 6

What happened in 1559 (Scotland)?

Answer 6

Mary fled Scotland and eventually married the heir to the French throne.

Question 7

Who were in the same factions (before Henry’s death)?

Answer 7

Catherine Howard and Gardiner and Norfolk.

Thomas Cranmer and Katherine Parr.

Question 8

Why were Gardiner and Norfolk removed?

Answer 8

Gardiner refused to grant some of his lands to the king and Norfolk’s son put part of the royal coat of arms on his family emblem which showed Norfolk’s loyalty.

Question 9

What did Thomas Cranmer do that led to Catherine Howard’s execution?

Answer 9

He broke the news to Henry of Catherine Howard’s adultery.

Question 10

Who were the two men who had the most power in Henry’s final year?

Answer 10

Anthony Denny and William Paget.

Question 11

Denny = D…

What did Denny have access to/control of and why was this significant?

Answer 11

• Access to the King’s private chambers ~ had a lot of power.
• Had control over the dry stamp (Official seal) ~ could control what got sent out by the King.

Question 12

What did Paget control and why was this significant?

Answer 12

• Controlled the written info that reached the king ~ could control what the King read.
• Filtered who and what reached the king ~ could control who and what the king saw.

Question 13

What was the socio-economic situation like in England in 1547?

Answer 13

• Reduced silver content of coins ~ inflation and prices rose.
• Spent money on war.

Question 14

What was the Political situation like in England in 1547?

Answer 14

• England was at war with France and Scotland.
• Not a major power.
• King relied on nobles and churchmen for advice.
• Ruled without a chief minister.
• Regency Council.

Question 15

What was the Religious situation like in England in 1547?

Answer 15

• Break from Rome.
• Monarch = Head of the Church.
• Largely Catholic in doctrine.
• The Bible was available in English.
• 1525 = Protest against levels of tax (Amicable Grant).
• 1536 = 40,000 rebels over a range of issues (Pilgrimage of Grace).

Question 16

When did Henry die?

Answer 16

28th of January 1547.

Question 17

What did the Third Succession Act in 1543 do?

Answer 17

The order of succession was confirmed (Edward →Mary→Elizabeth).

Question 18

What was Henry’s plan for after his death?

Answer 18

• Privy Council of 16 people 1546 ~ 8 Catholics and 8 Reformists so one religion wouldn’t be more powerful than the other.

Question 19

What happened to Gardiner and Howard and why was this significant?

Answer 19

They were two of the 8 Catholics ~ got removed from/written out of the Privy Council ~ imbalance ~ Reformists have more power.

Question 20

What did Edward Seymour make himself?

Answer 20

Duke of Somerset and Lord Protector.

Question 21

How did Edward Seymour keep his power/control?

Answer 21

He bestowed titles and gifts on other councillors:
- John Dudley ~ Seymour made him Earl of Warwick.
- Wriothesley ~ Seymour made him Earl of Southampton.

Question 22

Who were the main Reformist members of the Privy Council?

Answer 22

• Thomas Cramner (Archbishop of Canterbury).
• Dudley (became Earth of Warwick).
• Seymour (brother to Jane Seymour, became Lord Protector and Duke of Somerset).

Question 23

Who were the main Catholic members of the Privy Council?

Answer 23

• Paget (was Henry’s private secretary).
• Wriothesley (became Earl of Southampton). - Howard.
• Gardiner.

Question 24

Why were there concerns about the rule of a minor?

Answer 24

Because they were worried it could cause instability.

Question 25

What would Edward not be able to do?

Answer 25

• Lead troops into war ~ other states might look to exploit the political weakness of a minor on the throne.
• Unable to control factional struggles.

Question 26

What does factional struggles mean?

Answer 26

Factional arguments or disputes involve two or more small groups from within a larger group.

Question 27

What was there a fear of due to Edward being a minor?

Answer 27

That England would return to a period of civil war like the Wars of the Roses.

Question 28

Why were there concerns about the image of the king?

Answer 28

As a nine year old it was hard to portray him as a powerful or military adept way like Henry VIII was portrayed on coins.

Question 29

Why did everyone expect Edward to reach adulthood?

Answer 29

He wasn’t a sickly child when he came to the throne.

Question 30

Why could Somerset(Edward Seymore)’s dominance cause instability?

Answer 30

Him having more power than others went against Henry’s wishes.

Question 31

How was Somerset(Edward Seymour) able to gain more power because of Henry VIII?

Answer 31

Because Henry’s death was kept quiet for 3 days until Somerset had possession of Edward and because he had built up a reputation during Henry’s wars in Scotland of being a successful soldier.