Edward IV's government, 1471-1483 Flashcards
Who was placed him in charge of Northern England and had very wide powers?
Richard of Gloucester
In which region of England was Thomas Grey, the king’s stepson, the real power in the second reign?
South West
Who became the key noble in the midlands during Edward IV’s second reign?
William Hastings
In what year had Edward IV placed greater theoretical limits of retaining that he and the nobility largely ignored?
1468
Who gained dominance in Wales from 1472 onwards?
Anthony Woodville (Earl Rivers)
Who were responsible for the maintenance of public order in the localities in both reigns?
Justices of the Peace
Which former die-hard Lancastrian made his peace and became Bishop of Ely in 1478?
John Morton
What continually provided stability at a local level through tithes, services and its own courts?
Church
Which substantial lands and estates fell into the Crown’s possession in 1478?
Clarence’s lands
What were always appointed annually from among the local landowners in each county to represent the king?
Sheriffs
What did Edward IV offer to many of his opponents during the early years of both of his reigns?
Clemency
Whose advice did Edward IV take in his second reign to increase his financial position?
Sir John Fortescue
Which family had Edward IV relied upon heavily in his first reign but were gone by his second?
Nevilles
Which family became increasingly dominant in Edward IV’s second reign as demonstrated by Earl Rivers and Thomas Grey?
Woodvilles
What did Edward IV establish in 1472 to tighten his control over the principality and neighbouring lands?
Council of Wales and the Marches
In which region did Edward IV promote Richard of Gloucester to dominance from July 1471 onwards?
Northern England
Who was executed in 1478 demonstrating Edward IV’s increasing ruthlessness?
George of Clarence
Who was ruthlessly murdered in the Tower at the end of May 1471 on Edward IV’s orders?
Henry VI
What was a kind of forced payment, introduced in 1475, which did not have to be repaid?
Benevolence
Which former Lancastrian defender of Harlech became a royal councillor in Edward IV’s second reign?
Sir Richard Tunstall
What had the Woodville family been until Edward IV pardoned them in the early 1460s?
Lancastrians
Who had been appointed warden of the East and West Marches on the Scottish border in July 1461?
Earl of Warwick
Who had Edward IV relied upon to defeat northern Lancastrian resistance and made Earl of Northumberland in 1464?
John Neville.
At which battle in 1471 were the Lancastrian heir and nobles ruthlessly killed?
Tewkesbury
Which source of ordinary income did Edward IV work most to expand in his second reign?
Crown lands
Which group did Edward IV use to govern the regions?
Nobility
Who was lord deputy of Ireland and effective ruler from 1470 until 1477?
Thomas FitzGerald
What did the Crown’s income rise to because of more efficient methods of collection?
£70,000
Where were officers sent to enquire into tenants holding lucrative knight service in 1479?
Duchy of Lancaster
Which lands could have exploited them for £1,000 a year but Edward IV let Hastings have them for £300 a year?
Shrewsbury lands
What innovation of Edward IV’s first reign visited crown estates and ensured they were properly audited?
Crown commissioners
What was the average number of Justices of the Peace commissioned for a county?
Eighteen
Where did Justices of the Peace try those accused of the more serious crimes?
Quarter sessions
What were there relatively few of in England at this time in contrast to France and Spain?
Aristocratic bishops
What did Edward IV use to bypass the Exchequer, creating a more informal and flexible system of finance?
King’s Chamber
What did the Church provide at a local level through tithes, services and church courts?
Stability
From what profession and training were most bishops appointed?
Lawyers
What recorded the workings of the household in 1471-72 in an attempt to cut its expenditure?
Black Book of the Household
In what year was an ordinance published regarding Household expenditure?
1478
What provided the Crown with an annual pension of £10,000 from 1475 until 1482?
Treaty of Picquigny
What did Edward IV try to levy, just the once, in 1472-73?
Income Tax
What provided the king with an income that varied between £300 and £8000 per annum?
Profits from Justice
What between 1472 and 1475 provided Edward IV with £48,000?
Church Taxes
What was the annual average amount received by the Crown from customs revenues in Edward’s second reign?
£34,000
What was the amount that the Crown had to spend annually in order to govern the kingdom effectively?
£50,000
What was the poorer earldom that William Herbert, son of the dead New Yorkist, had to take instead of Pembroke in 1479?
Huntingdon
