Edward IV and the breach with Warwick Flashcards
In what ways was Edward initially highly dependant on the earl of Warwick?
Warwick helped defend the border against attack from the Scots
Early 1460s engaged in important diplomatic missions on behalf of the King Ed
at court Warwick was extremely influential - various foreign commentators depicted him as an ‘over-mighty subject in their letters
What was Warwick given in return for his work and loyalty to E IV?
land, favours and status
In 1464, what had Warwick been doing for over a year?
Why?
trying to arrange marriage between E IV and Bona, the French King’s sister-in-law and daughter if the Duke of Savoy
designed to ensure peace between England and France - France = trad ally Scotland where Henry VI, Margaret of Anjou and their son Edward were in exile
French ambassador describing EIV and Warwick?
‘There are two kings of England, Warwick and the other who’s name I have forgotten.’
What relations did Warwick want to develop?
What relations did EIV want to develop?
What did EIV do to try to ally with this group?
Warwick - Anglo-French relations
EIV - alliance with Dukes of Burgundy - enemies of the French
EIV hosted tournament at Smith Field to ally England with Burundians - EIV’s eldest brother + Burgundian in show fight
As well as wanting to marry all of her relatives off advantageously, what did Elizabeth Woodville try to do?
Example?
Tried to block advantageous marriages of other members of the nobility
e.g. encouraged EIV to oppose marriage between Isabel Neville and Clarence
What was EV planning in 1467?
Response of Louis XI?
What aided Louis XI in this?
planning invasion in France
Louis XI encouraged as much civil conflict as possible
aided by the dissatisfaction of the nobility at Edwards generosity towards the Woodvilles
How did Warwick take his revenge against Edward IV in 1469?
1469, Warwick went to Calais to arrange marriage between his daughter, Isabel Neville and George, Duke of Clarence
What did Warwick and Clarence do after the marriage of Isabel Neville and Clarence?
Warwick and Clarence jointly published criticisms of EIV’s govt, especially regarding the power of Sir Richard Woodville
Where did Warwick flee to in 1470?
What alliance was made?
What was done to seal this pact?
Warwick fled to the court of King Louis XI
Louis XI reconciled Warwick + Margaret of Anjou (former arch-enemies)
Pact sealed through the marriage of Lancastrian heir, Prince Edward to Warwick’s daughter Anne Neville
When EIV reinvades England, after the reinstatement of HVI to the throne, where does he land?
Who was he supported by?
What did Clarence do?
Humber
Supported by Burgundian troops
betrayed Warwick and supported EIV
What did EIV do at the battle of Barnet to create confusion and conflicting loyalties among the enemy’s troops?
Forced Lancastrian King to come with EIV’s forces to face Warwick’s forces at Barnet
What was the significance of Henry VI and his son Edward being dead in making EIV’s position stronger?
no figurehead to provoke rebellion
Margaret if Anjou became a politically negligible figure
EIV able to become reconciled to some previously staunch Lancastrian supporters e.g.Sir Richard Tunstall - no longer had surviving monarch who required loyalty
Who was excluded from royal court? Examples? What was taken away from them? Why were they not a particularly significant threat? Example?
a few diehard Lancastrians
Jasper Tudor, his nephew Henry + John de Vere, Earl of Oxford
unable to gain enough support for large-scale rebellion against EIV
John de Vere, earl of Oxford attempted invasion with French assistance in 1473 - failure
What rebellion was Warwick behind?
Date?
Where does EIV flee to when HVI put back on the throne by Warwick and Margaret of Anjou?
What does E Woodville do when HVI put back on throne?
What did Warwick do to try to rally support for HVI?
In what way did this backfire?
Why does EIV head north?
What battle took place?
How many men did Warwick have?
How many men did EIV have?
Apart from EIV creating confusion and conflict amongst enemy by binging HVI with him, what happened during the battle that led to Warwick’s defeat?
What did Warwick try to do?
What happened to Warwick?
What happened to Warwick’s body?
What happened to HVI?
What reason was given for this?
What was the more likely reason for this?
Evidence?
Warwick was behind the Robin of Redesdale rebellion
rebellion took place in 1469
EIV - Flees to Flanders
E Woodville - seeks sanctuary in Westminster Abbey
Warwick paraded HVI around London to rally support
backfired in that it highlighted how feeble and unsuited to being King HVI was in comparison to EIV
EIV headed north to hunt Warwick down
Battle of Barnet took place
Warwick had 15,000 men
EIV had 12,000 men
during battle there was fog - in chaos and confusion, Warwick’s army accidentally attacked itself
Warwick tried to flee the battle
Warwick was hunted down by EIV’s men and killed
Warwick’s body was stripped naked with only a cloth covering his genital and was put on display
Henry VI was found dead
The reason given for this was that he had died from melancholy
more likely reason was that he had been killed
congealed blood found on HVI’s head
