Edward I- Wales and Scotland Flashcards
Give two reasons why Edward wanted to go to war with Llewelyn.
- Llywelyn refused to pay homage to Edward for several years.
- Llywelyn arranged to marry Eleanor, the daughter of Simon de Montfort.
When was war declared? (1st campaign)
November 1276
How many men did Edward take with him on his 1st campaign?
15 500, of whom 9 000 were Welsh.
What did Edward do that forced Llewelyn to descend from Snowdonia to surrender?
he cut them off from the Isle of Anglesey, cutting them off from supplies.
What did the treaty of surrender state and what was its name? (1st campaign)
- The Treaty of Abercronwy
- Llywelyn had to surrender all of his land but Gwynedd
- Llywelyn retained his title of Prince of Wales, but had to recognise Edward as overlord.
When did Llywelyn surrender? (1st campaign)
November 1277
When and how was war declared for a second time?
- 1282
- Daffyd, Llewelyn’s brother, rebelled against Edward
How was the second campaign different to the first?
- Llewelyn enjoyed the support of his people
- A war for Welsh national identity
- Edward wanted to conquer the whole or Wales
What progress did the Welsh make in their 2nd campaign?
- They defeated the Earl of Gloucester in June
- They ambushed a surprise attack by Luke de Tany on the 6 November
How, when and where were the Welsh defeated? (2nd campaign)
- 11th December 1282
- Llewelyn was lured into a trap and killed at the battle of Orewin Bridge
Who led Edward’s army at the Battle of Orewin Bridge?
The Marcher Lords Roger l’Estrange, John Giffard, Edmund Mortimer
What was the strength of the two sides at Orewin Bridge?
English: 5000 infantry, 1300 heavy cavalry
Llewelyn: 7000 infantry, 160 men-at-arms from Llewelyn’s Teulu, household
What helped the Marcher Lords defeat the Welsh?
A local inhabitant told them about a ford near the Orfan river’s confluence with the river Wye, 2 miles downstream
How did the battle of Orewin Bridge unfold?
- The English archers crossed the ford
- The Welsh faced them, leaving Orewin bridge undefended
- The English heavy cavalry crossed the bridge and attacked the rear of the Welsh army
- The English archers shot into the Welsh schiltrons, leaving them disorganised.
- The Welsh were defeated.
When was Daffyd captured?
June 1283
