Eduction and Extra Flashcards
Criticism of Durkheim
Assume society has shared culture - multicultural
Parsons
Family socialisation based on particularistic standards; Universalistic Standards in School
Teach - value of achievement + value of equality of opportunity
Bowles and Gintis
Study 237 NY seniors - grade related to personality
Jug and mug - knowledge poured into empty mugs
Sample of individuals with similar IQs- wide range of attainment
‘Education reproduces inequality by justifying privilege and attributing poverty to personal failure’
Bowled and Gintis Criticism
Influence of formal curriculum
Willis
Learning to Labour
Counter school cultures- lads - their very rejection of school made them suitable for male, unskilled manual work. - transform into shop-floor culture
Penetrate some of the lies of the elites
Rikowski
Education commodity
UK company Nord Anglia - Int’l School Division of Nord Anglia Education PLC operates schools all over the world
Usher
Postmodernity
Education liberates from ignorance + realize potential
Metanarratives
Adult education - decentring of knowledge; decentring of self
Apple
Administrative knowledge most important
Channel One TV for class - business propaganda
Postmodernism Criticism
National Curriculum - centralisation - less choice
Little empirical evidence
Ignore powerful economic and political forces
Ball et al
15 schools - 3 neighbouring local educational authorities
Successful schools - complacent
Gewirtz
Privileged/ Skilled choosers
Semi-skilled choosers - inclination but limited capacity
Disconnected choosers
Glatter, Woods, Bagley
Marketization of schooling
Local factors determine how the educational market operates
Finn
Youth training schemes - restrict number of people who join trade unions
Cheap labour + no social unrest
McKnight
Education Action Zones helped KS1 but not beyond
Tomllison
Labour narrowed education to an economic function - teach to test
‘Critiques of the narrowing of education to economic ends want to reclaim education as a humanizing, liberalizing, democratic force’
Youth Cohort Study
Series of longitudinal surveys based on large samples
Klineberg
Western IQ tests to Yakima Native Americans - their culture does not value speed = did not finish in time
Gillborn and Youdell
Intelligence replaced by ability
A to C economy - discrimination
Sugarman
Subculture orientations: fatalism; immediate gratification; present-time orientation; collectivism
Evans
Fieldwork- London - most parents value education but only middle class are able to incorporate learning in play Social variation model - see differences rather than deficiencies
Bernstein
Pictures - 5yo - stories - working class did not voice meaning {football breaking glass}
Pictures of food - working class classified personal meaning - upper class abstract ideasBernstein Criticism
Social class vague Lumps together all non-manual workers into a middle class
Bourdieu
Tastes: Legitimate; Middlebrow; Popular
Habitus
Disposition, tastes and expectations of the social group to which individuals belong
Bordieu
The more widespreaded a qualification, the more it is devalued = stratify universities
Sullivan
Survey - school leaving age
Successful - read more complex fictions/ more sophisticated drama
Correlated with parental cultural capital
Poverty Penalty
Negative effects of poverty
McKnight
Poverty Penalty does not affect Chinese
Heargraves
Stages of typing/ classification: Speculation; Working Hypothesis; Elaboration; Stabilisation
Rist
Table 1- most able; Table 2 and 3 - the rest
Rosenthal and Jacobson Criticism
Did not observe interactions in the class IQ tests used were of dubious quality + improperly adminstered
Fuller
Female + Black - girls resented negative label = want to prove them wrong
Mac An Ghaill
Working class Y11:
Macho Lads
Academic Achievers
New Entreprisers
Gender Gap Criticism
Exam results show boys have progressed over the past 50y.
The gap is closing in recent years.
Sharpe
1970 -working class girls priorities unlikely to encourage them educationally 1990 - priorities changed
Best
132 books Heroes: 94 male; 44 female Female: family situations Occupations: 69 men; 18 women Some non traditional roles: female sailor, male babysitter Does not reveal effect
Licht and Dweck
Girls lack confidence in their ability to carry out intellectual tasks
Boys shrug off failured
Girls blame themselves for failures and attribute success to luck
Boys get more criticism
Beck
The second modernity - rick, uncertainty, individualisation = financial independence + career reflect identity
Francis and Skelton
Concern with male behaviour - moral panic among newspapers and politicians
Jackson
Laddish behaviour - self defence - feminisation of work + labeling
Epstein et al
The poor boys discourse - victims
The boys will be boys discourse
Francis and Skelton
The problem boys discourse - anti-learning
The at risk boys discourse -vulnerable, disconnected = macho outer shell
Modood
Ethnic minorities might have cultural capital - they jobs in UK were depressed - downward mobility
Blair
Majority of teachers are well intentioned + not consciously racist
Coard
Disproportionate number of black carib in educationally subnormal - wrongly placed
Wright
Staff committed to equality
Assumed Asians had poor command of english
Disapprove Asian girls seeking privacy when changing for PE
Mirza
Types of Teachers: Overt Racists The Christians - colour blind The Crusaders - active anti-racists The Liberal Chauvinists - wanted to help but help was patronising
Educational Triage
Used in events of a disaster, whereby patients are prioritised. Hopless cases are left to die.
Sewell
Black Studnets: Conformists Innovators -education important, school rejected Retreatists - loners Rebels - Jamaican Yard Man
Archer
Muslim Boys - proud, strong masculine identity, black is cool, not identify with UK, future breadwinners
