Educational Reforms - 1944-1988 Flashcards
What were the educational reforms in 1944?
1944- Butler Education Act. Aimed to create meritocracy. Introduced the tripartite system (grammar,secondary modern and technical schools), and 11+ exam.
What’s the evaluation of the 1944 Butler Education Act?
Bad because the move towards meritocracy created a further divide as 11+ more likely to be passed by m/c, so m/c more likely to go to grammar schools. W/c more likely to underachieve as are more likely to fail and go into the 2 other worse performing schools.
What were the educational reforms in 1965?
Labour government aimed to create social equality by introducing comprehensive schools, to teach same subjects, give same exams etc to all students. Introduced catchment areas and compensatory education like EPA funding (education priority areas funding).
What’s the evaluation for the reforms made in 1965 (comprehensive schools) by the Labour government?
Catchment areas are class based. Further divide created by comprehensive schools ie) setting and streaming was basically the tripartite system under one roof. Whilst Functionalists would say meritocracy was good, Marxists would say it was bad and legitimised class inequality by putting w/c at a disadvantage.
What educational reforms were introduced in 1988?
1988- Conservative government introduced marketisation officially via the Education Reform Act, which created competition via Ofsted, League Tables, choice via open enrolement Parentocracy and Formula Funding and had no government interference. Also, created SATS and GCSEs.
What is the evaluation for the Reforms introduced in 1988 by the conservative government?
A-C economy - Gillbourn and Youdell say that league tables push the A-C economy, which leads to educational triage and this leads to w/c u/a.
David- says open enrolment is good as it creates parentocracy.
Gewirtz says it’s bad as it is characterised by lengthy home-school contratcs and puts m/c at an advantage as they are privileged-school choosers.
Barttlet says it’s bad as it puts m/c at an advantage as they are cream skimmed and w/c are silt shifted into the worst and best schools.
What educational reforms were introduced in 1997?
New Labour aimed to continue Marketisation of Education so they increased tuition fees whilst creating encouraging programmes like Aim Higher, Education Action Zones, Education Maintainance allowance, city acadamies, faith schools etc.
What is the evaluation for these educational reforms made in 1997?
They were contradictory, put off w/c by creating high tuition fees, but tried to encourage them with aim higher. Policies like EMA had a limited impact as it was abolished in 2010. Private schools still existed allowing m/c to be at an advantage. Witty calls it cosmetic.
What educational reforms were created from 1997 to 2010?
Coalition government of lib dems and conservatives wanted to further marketisation by academisation of schools and created free schools to create futher parentocracy and give people more control. University tuition fees increased, cuts on policies like EMAs, Sure Start etc.
What is the evaluation for the educational reforms created from 1997-2010?
Academisation reduced central control and government responsibility. Higham says that free schools create a stratification effect only benefiting the m/c. Ball- says fragmented centralisation has happened.
What educational reforms were created from 2015 on wards?
2015- conservative government introduced privatisation and cola-isation of education, privatisation fuels compeition and creates meritocracy.
What is the evaluation for the educational reforms made from 2015 on wards?
Marxists say privatisation is exploitative and leads to w/c being exploited by the r/c.
Further division is created by confusion between who controls each type of school, affecting the standards of schooling in those schools affecting achievment.
