Educational Policy Flashcards
the New Right views on education
developed functionalist ideas of social solidarity and the teaching of specialist skills
- additionally, parents should be given choice in their child.s education
- Lea’s are inefficient, prefer free market policies (chubby and Moe - proposed a voucher type policy on education where parents pay for their Childs education and how good it is)
how to achieve marketisation policies The New Right
- competition between schools for the best results, standards would be raised, and thee best schools would be more attractive to parents
- increased choicee for parents - open enrolment
increased involvment of private enterprise within educatio, fudnign form advertising local business and should have funding free from state control
The 1988 Education Reform Act
was an education reform act put forward by the Thatcher government which introduced strong marketisation policies into education
what did the education reform act introduce
- National Curriculem
- Formula Funding
- standardised testing
- parental choice and open enrolment
further development of the 1988 Education Reform act
- introduction of OFSTED
- league tables
what did the Education Reform act 1988 allow for
it allowed for the marketisation and competition between schools, exams results could be compared to see what school achieved the best and therefore was more appealing for parents to send theri children to as well as schools could compete to perform to gain the most funding on the formula funding policy, overall the competitive nature would encourage school to perform better and as a result improve standards
contemporary application of marketisation policies and the education reform act 1988
- standardised testing throughout school life, SaTs and GCSE and A-glevel
- development of educational markets extending from years to higher education
- increased privatisation of education
- wider range of schools
evaluation
– marketisation has been a dominant approach to education for over 30 years
- introduced selection policies that disadvantaged certain social groups
- Gerwitz et al - middle class is advantaged because they can play the system
what are the types of school choosers in parents
-skilled privlaged chooser
- semi skilled chooser
- local or distilled chooser
what is marketisation
- application of market forces to the education system
- promoting more choice in the type of education students receive
- promoting competition between institutions for students
how marketisation is done
Conservative
Education Reform Act 1988
formula funding, national Curriculem, League tables
new universities
how to achieve marketisation policy New Labour
- growth of specialist schools
- faith schools
- introduction of tuition fees
- city academies 2000
how was this achieved marketisation
coalition
- expansion of academies
- pupil premium
- referms to curriculum
- increased tuition fees
- process 8
- free school meal
impact of marketisation
- increased choice of schools
- more private investments into education
- increased university attendance
- increase in a-level and GCSE pass rates
criticisms of marketisation
myth of parentocracy
- selective rather than open enrolment
- teaching how to take the tests and achieve well rather than knowledge
-educational triage
what is privatisation
- transfer of assets and resources from state control into the hands of the private sector
- neo-liberal or new right has looked to create a ‘small or minimal state’
-
privatisation withi n education system
- schools operating like a private business
>performance target
>marketing
>greater efficiency and profitability - schools able to opt out of LEA control and manage themselves
- macadamisation - importing business principles into education establishments
how is the education system privatised (privatisation of the education system)
- outsourcing of services within education to private companies
- growth of academy tests
- educational consultants
- examination services
- developing educational brands
- private investments in school buildings
contemporary applications
large number of academy trusts opening, - 788 academy trusts opened in the UK, 13 MATs having 26 or more schools
- growth of exam boards,
evaluation of privatisation
control over the curriculem could influence the content taught - changes for skills necessary for employment
- Cola-isation of schools, Stephen Ball big companies advertising products at an early age
- focus on profit rather than progress for capitalist gains rather than improvement
- academics can use untrained and unqualified staff
what is vocational education
- refers to the education that is specifically tailored towards students going straight into employment
- the main purpose of vocational education is to provide students with the skills and knowledge they require for the workplace
- fulfils the teaching of specialist skills function proposed by Durkheim
who expanded on Durkheim’s function of teaching specialised skills
ex-panded on by Shultz who claimed thet schools not only tea h specialised skills but they provide students with the human capital for later work and experience through vocational education
how does education achieperform vocational education
- at post 16 level qualifications education splits into sixth form or future education colleges
- some vocational courses such as B-tec run alongside a-levels and GCSE
- careers advice and subject choice
- embedded in hidden curriculem
new vocationalism
- 1978 - youth training shcemes
1986 - TWOs and GNVQs raising the skill level of those already in employment
2004 - apprenticeships for all
2010- reforms to further education - wolf report
- 2012 -
vocational education in contemporary education
- range of vocational education - B-tec and T-level
- resit criteria for English and maths
- work experience programmes
emphasis of key skills
criticisms of vocational education
- exploitation of cheap labour - by provider on apprenterships
- status division by ovational qualifications and academy education
- cuts to funding in 2010 can make vocational education worse
- vocational aspirations hit by educational triage
what is globalisation and educational policy
- globalisation is the greater interconnectedness of nations politically, culturally and economically
- a positive impact of globalisation is that now we can increasingly look to other cultures and nations for solution to problems
-international rankings like PISA rankings can allow nations to compare rankings of educational qualities form different nations and look to how their education in their nation can improve
examples of policies
- variety of schools - free schools and academies
- skills for global marketplace national literacy and numeracy strategy
- additional funding for maths and sciences
raising standards for teachers
other examples of policies derived from globalisation
- increase of globalisation led to inc4rease of terrrorism suspectedly and loss of values - British introduced introduced rites values into schools and PREVENT into schools to stop grooming from terrorist organisations
- privatisation and marketisation of education , some universities have campuses in overseas countries for marketisation purposes
- EAL and ESOL funding for schools
other impacts of globalisation
- changes to curriculem
- multiculturalism
- changes to teaching and learning strategies
criticisms of globalisation policies
- lirrwl eNRW OF AUBJWXRA MONIROEWS FOR GLOBALISARION COMPARISON
- CULTURAL DIFFERENCES BETWEEN NATIONS CAN LEAD TO GLOBALISATION POLICIES NOT HAVING THE DESIRED AEFFECT IN DIFFERING COUNTRIES
- VALIDATIY AND RELIAVILITY OF TESTING QUEWSTIONED
- EXPENSIVE AND OFTEN SHORT IVED POLICIES
- IF THE UK IS RANKED SO LOW HOW COMES IT IS ONE OF THE MOST DESIRED PLACES FOR STUDNTS TO COME AND LEARN N
