educational policies Flashcards

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1
Q

education policy in britain before 1988

A

there were no state schools, before 1833, the state spent no public money on education

the state made schooling compulsory from ages 5-18 in 1880

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2
Q

The tripartite system

A

the 1944 education act bought in the tripartite system

Grammar schools:pupils with academic ability who passed the 11+- mainly middle class

Secondary modern school: non academic practical curriculum and access to manual work for pupils who failed the 11+- mainly working class

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3
Q

comprehensive school system

A

introduced in areas from 1965 onwards

aimed to overcome class divide of tripartite system and make education more meritocratic

11+, grammar and secondary schools were abolished

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4
Q

marketisation

A

introducing market forces of consumer choice and competition between suppliers into areas run by the state, such as education

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5
Q

who favours marketisation and why?

A

Neoliberals and new right

They argue schools have to attract customers (parents)by competing with each other in the market. schools will provide customers with what they want- such as success in exams-will thrive and those that don’t will go out of business

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6
Q

parentocracy: policies to promote marketisation

A
  • puplication of league tables and ofsted reports
  • business sponsorship of schools
  • open enrollment
  • specialist schools
  • formula funding
  • introduction of tuition fees for higher education
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7
Q

The reproduction of inequality

A

stephan Ball and Geof Witty note how marketisation polices such as exam league tables and the funding formula reproduce class inequalities by creating inequalities between schools

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8
Q

Cream-skimming

A

‘good’ schools can be more selective, choose their own customers and recruit high achieving, mainly middle class students- these pupils gain an advantage

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9
Q

silt-shifting

A

‘good’ schools can avoid taking less able pupils who are likely to get poor results and damage the schools league table position

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10
Q

the funding formula for popular schools

A

schools are allocated funds by a formula based on how many pupils they attract
this means popular schools get more funds so can afford better qualified teachers and better facilities

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11
Q

the funding formula for unpopular schools

A

unpopular schools lose income and find it difficult to match teacher skills and facilities of their most successful rivals

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12
Q

Gerwitz: parental choice

A

parents economic and cultural capital lead to class differences

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13
Q

privileged skilled-choosers

A
mainly professional middle class parents 
being prosperous, well educated and confident makes them able to take full advantage of choices open to them
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14
Q

semi-skilled choosers

A

working class parents who were ambitious for their children- lacked cultural capital so relied on other peoples opinions

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15
Q

New labour government on inequality

A
  • designating some deprived areas as education action zones, providing them with additional resources
  • the aim higher programme to raise aspirations of groups who are under-represented
  • education maintenance allowances EMAs, payments to students from low income backgrounds to encourage them to stay on after 16.
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16
Q

Privatisation of education

A

involves the transfer of public assets such as schools to private companies
education becomes a source of of profit for capitalists in what Balls calls the education services industry ESI