Educational Methods And Materials Flashcards
Forms of health education
Direct – Interpersonal (Individual and groups)
Indirect – Mass media and visual aids.
Individual methods
Counselling
What’s Counselling
It is a person-to-person communication in which one person is helped by another to increase in understanding, ability and confidence to find solutions to own problems.
Purpose of counseling
To help individuals increase knowledge of self.
To encourage individuals or families to think about their problems and understand the causes.
Help people commit themselves to take action on their own will to solve the problems.
Help individuals to choose, but not forcing them to do so.
Principles of counseling
Counselors should assist people identify their own problems.
- Counselors develop empathy (understanding and acceptance) for person’s feelings. It is thinking by putting self on the shoe of the others.
- Counselors should never try to persuade people to accept their advice. Rather help people to think about all the factors involved in their problems and encourage them to choose the solutions that are best in their particular situation.
- Counselors should always respect the privacy of the people they are helping. They never reveal information without specific permission.
- Counselors should share information and ideas on resources, which the client needs in order to make a sound decision. For example, many people do not realize the connection between their behavior and their health.
Other direct methods
Grouping method
What is a group
A group could be defined as a gathering of two or more people who have a common interest. Example of groups often found in a community:
A family,
A health committee,
A youth club,
People attending a religious ceremony together,
Some friends getting together to relax,
A gathering of patients at a clinic, People riding together on a buse working at the same factory.
Types of groups
- Formal groups; Groups that are well organized with some rules and regulations E.g.
Farmer’s – cooperative,
Women’s Associations - Informal groups
Groups that are not well organized E.g.
People attending market on a particular day,
People attending funeral ceremony
Characteristics of a formal group
- Has a purpose or goal that everyone strives to achieve together.
- There is a set membership, so people know who is a member and who is not.
- There are recognized leaders who have the responsibility of guiding the group to wards achievement of its goals.
- There are organized activities such as regular meetings and project.
- The group has rules that members agree to follow and works towards the welfare of the members.
Characteristics of informal group
- May have some features in common, but no special goal that they are trying to achieve together E.g. People riding together on a bus
- No special membership or feeling of belonging
People come and go at will - No special leader selected, no special rules apply
- Usually no special activity is planned by the people themselves E.g. People coming to watch a football match
- There is usually more concern for self, and less for the welfare of the other people.
Importance of group education method
- In a group, one can find the support and encouragement needed to promote and maintain healthy practices.
- It permits sharing of experience and skills.
- Working in groups makes it possible to pool the resources of all members. E.g. to dig a well, group of families can contribute enough money
Methods of group education
a) Group discussions
b) Meetings
c) Clubs
d) Demonstrations
e) Village criers
f) Songs
g) Stories
h) Music
i) Drama and role play
j) Proverbs
What is group discussion
a) Group discussions
: Health education has been quick to recognize that groups provide an ideal set-up for learning in a way that leads to change and action.
Discussion in a group allows people to say what is in their minds.
They can talk about their problems, share ideas, support and encourage each other to solve problems and change their behavior.
Size of a group
For sharing of ideas an ideal group is the one with 5-10 members
What is a meeting
It is good for teaching something of importance to a large group of people.
They are held to a large to gather information, share ideas, take decisions and make plans to solve problems.
Planning a meeting
- should be need based
- determine time and place
- announce the meeting through village criers or word of mouth
- prepare relevant and limited number of agenda
