Education Policies (P1) Flashcards

Question

Explain Pupil Premium (meritocracy policy)

Answer 1

Extra money schools receive for each student from a disadvantage background

Answer 2

Ofsted found that in many cases the Pupil Premium isn’t spent on those it is meant to help- only 1/10 heads said it had changed the support they gave disadvantage people

Answer 3

New Right- idea that comp will raise standards Post modernists - education should promote diversity

Answer 4

League tables - these rank schools based on exam results Ofsted inspections- these rate schools based on various areas and give qualitative judgement from ‘outstanding’ to ‘inadequate’ Open enrolment- parents can apply to several schools rather than admission being based purely on catchment areas as in the comprehensive system Formula funding - where schools receive the same amount of money per student

Answer 5

David- these policies create parentocracy where power shifts from schools to parents, giving them more choice of which schools their children should attend. Others - these policies also create more diversity in education as open enrolment = students can apply to schools outside of the local area = schools aren’t just for the students from a certain social class , ethnic group etc.

Answer 6

Ball Exam league tables - the best schools become more selective of which students they accept. They pick high achieving, mainly MC students, to help boost their league positions ~Barlett ‘cream skimming’, and can avoid taking less able pupils (known as silt shifting) while underperforming schools have to take less able, mainly WC students, getting poor results and staying lower in the league tables. The funding formula means popular schools get more money can get better facilities and be more selective on which students they enroll meaning they pick MC students. Unpopular schools lose money and have to take on WC students receive a lower standard education due to the lack of funding those schools have. Both of these lead to ‘sink schools’ - schools caught in a spiral of underachievement which lack the resources to improve due to low funding. They also suggest that marketisation doesn’t increase parental choice or diversity as it gives power to high achieving schools who select white MC students.

Answer 7

MC students use their CC and EC to get their children into the best state schools- they know the application process and have £ to move to catchment areas : despite open enrolment the best schools= oversubscribed, w/ distance from schools being used to allocate places to pupils —> creates selection by mortgage

Answer 8

- studied 14 London schools using interviews of teachers and parents and secondary data (e.g school docs) - found that differences in EC and CC led to class differences in achieve ments in how much choice parents had over their choice of secondary school- she identified 3 parent types: Privileged-skilled choosers- MC parents who used CC and EC (moving to the best areas/ paying for their child’s travel costs ) to get their children into the best schools. Disconnected-local choosers- WC parents who found admissions process hard due to lack of Cc + travel cost to good schools =$$ -> send children to local schools whether they wanted to or not. Semi-skilled choosers- WC parents who had more ambition for their children than (the one above) yet lacked CC to make sense of the education market and had to rely on other people’s opinions about schools + frustrated w/ inability to get their children into the school they wanted .

Answer 9

These schools receive additional funding for a subject they specialise in, and can select up to 10% of their intake based on ability in the specialism . Some argue they allow parents to send their children to school based on the subject they may excel in.

Answer 10

Introduced in 1998 & max = £1000/year 2006: £3000 2010: £9000 Argued these fees help to promote marketisation by making students a consumer, and encouraging unis to improve as most of their funding will come from fees, meaning if they don’t recruit many students, they’ll lose funding

Answer 11

The increase will put WC off from apply and helps to reproduce class inequalities in the education system

Answer 12

Revived some funding from a sponsor who helped run the school instead of the LEA. They don’t have to follow the National Curriculum (can offer a diverse curriculum) and set their own term times and pay/conditions for staff. Although Labour introduced them, the Coalition and Conservative govs have continued with this scheme.

Answer 13

A report in 2013 found that some academies were holding ‘social events’ for prospective parents, or asking parents to complete long admission forms : concluded such practice enabled schools to select pupils from MC families who had the CC to complete the forms in a way, which would aid their child’s chance of gaining admission.

Answer 14

Like academies they’re funded directly by central gov but can be set up/run by parents , teachers, faith orgs and businesses. Like academies they’re don’t follow the NC- can tailor the education that offer to suit the needs of different students -> increasing diversity and choice. They don’t have to employ qualified teachers.

Answer 15

Green, Allen & Jenkins- free schools were using covert selection to pick bright MC pupils - not advertising in poorer areas, having expensive uniforms and making school brochures difficult to understand Ball- promoting academies and FS has led to : Fragmentation- the compress system is being replaced by diverse provision. A lot of it is ruined by private providers which lead to greater inequalities and opportunities. Centralisation of control- central Grove alone has the power to allow or require schools to become academies or FS to be set up. This reduces the power of local authorities in education.

Answer 16

A type of free school which follows the NC but has strong links to employers and focus on teaching work based skills. They are small, with no more than 300 students, to offer a supportive, personalised learning experience for 14- 19 year-olds.

Answer 17

14 is too young to start a specialised education program. Also by 2018, 27/56 studio schools in the country had closed down/ were closing down.

Answer 18

Endogenous privatisation Exogenous privatisation

Answer 19

Privatisation within the education system- involves schools , colleges and unis operating like private business and relates to marketisation policies/ideas such as formula funding, parental choice over schools + schools having more controls over how they’re run and performance related pay from teacher.

Answer 20

Privatisation from outside the education system- incl private companies being involved in state education in ways such as : paying companies to do mock Ofsted inspections or paying companies to provide catering services.

Answer 21

Private companies having a presence in schools through things like vending machines and brand loyalty. The benefit to schools and pupils can be limited- a Cadbury’s sports equipment promo was scrapped after it found students would need to eat 5440 chocolate bars just to qualify for a set a volleyball posts.

Answer 22

Ball- education is now becoming a commodity something to be bought and sold with the states having less power and more involvement by private companies. Marxist- argue the New Right idea that marketisation/privatisation will drive up standards is being used to justify turning education into a source of profit, w/ power being taken away from gov/ and being put into the hands of private companies instead.

Answer 23

-some British schools have set up campuses abroad there are currently 39 unique campuses linked to UK universities in other countries and there are 44 campuses linked to British boarding school overseas -an increased use of tech in classroom such as Microsoft teams and the use of iPads -The introduction of free schools which were originally introduced in Sweden