Education - external factors Flashcards
1
Q
What is cultural deprivation?
A
- ‘Cultural equipment’ (basic values, attitudes & skills) needed for educational success through primary socialisation in family
2
Q
What does it mean to be culturally deprived?
A
- Lacking cultural equipment needed to do well in school therefore underachieving
3
Q
Language
A
- Hubbs-Tait et al 2002; where parents ask questions & use lang to challenge children to evaluate their own understanding, cognitive performance improves
- Lower class = gestures - incapable of abstract thinking
4
Q
Restricted speech code
A
- W/c -
- Limited vocabulary
- Based on short often unfinished grammatically simple sentences
- Predictable & may involve single work / gesture
- Descriptive
- Context bound - share same experiences as reader
5
Q
Elaborated speech code
A
- M/c
- Wider vocabulary
- Longer grammatically complex sentences
- More varied & communicates abstract ideas
- Context free
6
Q
Limitation of Bernsteins cultural deprivation theory
A
- Describes w/c speech = inadequate however most theorists recognise school influences children’s achievement
7
Q
Parents’ education - Douglas 1964
A
- Found w/c parents placed less value on education - less ambitious for children
8
Q
Parents’ education - Feinstein 2008
A
- Most imp factor affecting children’s achievement - m/c better educated = socialise children
9
Q
Parenting style
A
- Educated = consistent discipline
- Less = inconsistent - ‘behaving yourself’ - restricts independence & self control
10
Q
Parents’ educational behaviours
A
- Educated = better at child rearing, establishing good relations with teachers & better guiding children’s interactions in school
11
Q
Use of income - Bernstein & Young 1967
A
- M/c mothers = more likely to buy educational toys, books & activities to encourage reasoning skills & stimulate intellectual development
- W/c homes lack resources - therefore can’t progress
- Educated = better understanding of nutrition
12
Q
Class, income & parental education
A
- Feinstein; better educated = children more successful in school
13
Q
What is a working class subculture?
A
- Group whose attitudes & values differ from mainstream culture
14
Q
4 key features of working class subculture - Sugarman 1970
A
- Fatalism = belief in fate - favoured by w/c
- Collectivism = value being part of group more than succeeding as individual
- Immediate gratification = seeking pleasure now rather than later
- Present-tike orientation = seeking present as more imp than future
15
Q
Compensatory education
A
- Operation Head Start 1960s aim = planned enrichment of deprived child’s environment to develop skills & instil achievement motivation
- Sesame Street = provided means of transmitting values, attitudes & skills needed for educational success
