Education- Ethnicity external and internal factors Flashcards
ONS Data about Material deprivation and ethnic minorities
- Indian and white british children are least likely to live in low income households, while Pakistani and Bangladeshi were most likely
Green
At 16, only 25% of disadvantaged students get a good pass in GCSE Maths and English, compared with 50% of all other pupils, which she says shows a government with no interest in levelling up Britain. “It’s an appalling record of mismanagement and indifference to the life chances of working class families and their children.”
Bereiter and Engelmann
The language spoken by low-income Black American families is inadequate for educational success as it is ungrammatical, disjointed and incapable of expressing abstract ideas.
Bernstein
Black Caribbean migrants predominantly moved into poor urban areas populated by the white British working class so are affected by the same language issues that might be associated with students of a lower socio-economic class. Eg- Restricted speech code.
Murray
Black, one parent families are part of an underclass that is not committed to mainstream values. So consequently fails to value education.
Sugarman
Black children are socialised into a subculture that instill the fatalistic attitude that doesn’t value education.
Sewell
lack of tough love from fathers is why black boys underachieve in education.
Moynihan
Black, single parent mothers are more likely to have some who underachieve with the absence of a male breadwinner and authoritative father figure. more financial struggle.
Keddie
cultural deprivation explanations can sometimes be viewed as a victim blaming approach. Black students have predominantly been brought up in the same socio-economic conditions as their white British working class counterparts their restricted speech code, therefore is as much a feature of the white working class subculture as it is the black subcultures, so it’s more a socio-economic issue than an ethnic one.
Lawrence
Black pupils underachieve because of racism.
Strand
In terms of Progress 8 scores, Chinese pupils were the highest performers, with the second highest being Indian pupils.
Indian pupils are more likely to complete homework 5 times a week
Lupton
Adult authority in Asian households is similar to the model that operates in schools. Respectful behaviour towards adults was expected from children, which had a knock-on effect in school, since parents were more likely to be supportive of school behaviour policies.
Basit
Pakistani and Indian families placed a high value on education and saw free state education as a “blessing” because it generally offered more opportunities than were available in their countries of origin. So they put more effort into helping their children, and even poorer families bought desks, computers and textbooks to aid their child’s education.
Bhatti
They found that parents are very supportive and had a high level of interest in their child’s education. However, they didn’t know much about the daily processes and organisation of schools, and didn’t know how to approach teachers, so avoided doing so unless it was essential.
Modood
Found that while children from low income families generally did less well, the effects of low income were much less for any ethnic group than for White pupils..
Kao and Thompson
Recent immigrants devote themselves more to education that the native population because they lack financial capital and see education as a way out of poverty.
Wood
Evidence of direct and deliberate discrimination in the workplace when analysing job applications. Only 1 in 16 ethnic minority applicants were offered an interview, as against 1 in 9 white applicants.
Gillborn and Youdell
Teachers have racialised expectations of Black students- disciplined quicker, see behaviour as threatening, see behaviour as a challenge to their authority. Pupils respond negatively, which results in further conflict.
Based on only one school, so small scale sample- not representative. Outdated.
Foster
Teachers stereotype ethnic pupils and place them in lower sets and streams. Self fulfilling prophecy.
Wright
Labelling led to Asian students underachieving as teachers assumed they had a poor grasp of English so left them out of class discussions and used simplistic language when speaking to them.
Archer
3 pupil identities: Ideal, demonised and pathologised. White, black, asian.
Shain
When asian girls challenged the view that they were quiet and passive, they were dealt with more severely than other pupils.
Archer and Francis
Chinese students were praised and pathologised: yes, they were successful, but they did it in the wrong way. They worked excessively hard so were viewed as a ‘negative positive stereotype’.
Fuller
Y11 Black girls were pro-education but anti-school. In school, they were apathetic and didn’t try to reject their teacher labels, but worked hard at home to achieve high grades and prove the label wrong.
Mirza
3 types of teacher racism: Colour blind (all pupils are equal) Liberal Chauvinists (black students are culturally deprived, low expectations) Overt racists (discriminatory, sees black pupils as inferior). Black students had to be selective with which teachers they asked for help and what options they chose.
Generating Genius 2004
10 black boys aged 12-13 spent 3 or 4 weeks of their summer holiday working alongside scientists at some of Britain’s top universities. Sewell claims that these boys got amazing GCSE results, and at least 3 made it into Oxford or Cambridge.
Roithmayr
Institutionalised racism is ‘locked in inequality’. There isn’t a conscious intent to discriminate, the equality has become self perpetuating and feeds on itself.
Gillborn
Ethnic inequality is so deep rooted that it is practically a feature of the education system.
